Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

STATİK VE DİNAMİK CORE EGZERSİZ PROGRAMLARI GENÇ TEKVANDO SPORCULARININ BİYOMOTOR PERFORMANSINI ETKİLER Mİ?

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 3, 247 - 260, 22.12.2025

Burakhan Aydemir , Duygu Sevinç Yilmaz , İrfan Marangoz , Fatih Kırkbir , Abdullah Bora Özkara , Olcay Mülazımoğlu

Öz

Amaç: Bu pilot çalışmanın amacı, rutin tekvando antrenmanına ek olarak 8 haftalık statik ve dinamik karın kasları antrenman programının genç tekvando sporcularının güç, hız, denge ve tekvandoya özgü tekme performansları üzerindeki etkilerini araştırmaktır.
Yöntemler: 21 genç sporcu (8 erkek, 13 kadın; ortalama yaş = 13,2 ± 0,8 yıl) 8 haftalık bir core antrenmanı (haftada 3 seans, 35 dakika) gerçekleştirdi. Tek gruplu ön test-son test tasarımı kullanıldı. Sonuçlar arasında core gücü (bacak kaldırma, plank, mekik, şınav), alt ekstremite gücü ve kuvveti (bacak presi, bacak kütlesi, göreceli bacak gücü, dikey sıçrama), hız (30 m sprint), denge (stork testi) ve tekvandoya özgü tekme gücü (palding chagi, yop chagi, spinning palding chagi) PSS cihazı ile ölçüldü. Veriler Wilcoxon işaretli sıra testleri kullanılarak analiz edildi ve etki büyüklükleri (r) ve %95 güven aralıkları rapor edildi.
Sonuçlar: Bacak kaldırma, plank, mekik, şınav, dikey sıçrama, 30 m sprint, bacak presi, bacak kütlesi ve göreceli bacak gücü (tümü p <.05, r = 0,45–0,68) alanlarında önemli iyileşmeler gözlemlendi. Palding chagi, yop chagi ve spinning palding chagi'de tekme performansı arttı (p <.05, r = 0,42–0,60). Stork dengesinde önemli bir değişiklik gözlenmedi (p> .05).
Sonuç: Bu kontrolsüz pilot çalışma, 8 haftalık statik ve dinamik karın kasları egzersiz programının genç sporcuların kuvvet, sprint ve tekvandoya özgü tekme performansını iyileştirebileceğini, ancak denge performansının değişmediğini göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Taekwondo core antrenman paldingchagi yopchagi tekme güç

Kaynakça

  • Arı, Y. and Çolakoğlu, F.F. (2021) 'Do core exercises affect tennis performance in tennis players?', Gaziantep University Journal of Sports Sciences, 6(1), pp. 40–54.
  • Aslan, A.K., Erkmen, N., Aktaş, S. and Güven, F. (2018) 'Postural control and functional performance after core training in young soccer players', Movement, Health & Exercise, 7(2), pp. 23–38.
  • Baranovič, T., & Zemková, E. (2021). The Relationship between the Performance of Soccer Players on the Curved Sprint Test, Repeated Sprint Test, and Change-of-Direction Speed Test. Applied Sciences, 11(12), 5355. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11125355
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2019) Sosyal bilimler için veri analizi el kitabı: İstatistik, araştırma deseni, SPSS uygulamaları ve yorum. Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
  • Byrne, J.M., Bishop, N.S., Caines, A.M., Crane, K.A., Feaver, A.M. and Pearcey, G.E. (2014) 'Effect of using a suspension training system on muscle activation during the performance of a front plank exercise', Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 28(11), pp. 3049–3055.
  • Capelli, C., Rittveger, J., Bruseghini, P., Calabria, E. and Tam, E. (2016) 'Maximal aerobic power and anaerobic capacity in cycling across the age spectrum in male master athletes', European Journal of Applied Physiology, 116(7), pp. 1395–1410.
  • Ceylan, L. (2022) 'Evaluation of core stabilization strength of team and individual athletes and sedentary individuals aged 13-18', Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences, 16(3), pp. 255-259.
  • Chen, W.H., Wu, H.J., Lo, S.L., Chen, H., Yang, W.W., Huang, C.F. and Liu, C. (2018) 'Eight-week battle rope training improves multiple physical fitness dimensions and shooting accuracy in collegiate basketball players', Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 32(10), pp. 2715–2724.
  • Chijimatsu, M., Ishida, T., Yamanaka, M., Taniguchi, S., Ueno, R., Ikuta, R., Samukawa, M., Ino, T., Kasahara, S. and Tohyama, H. (2020) 'Landing instructions focused on pelvic and trunk lateral tilt decrease the knee abduction moment during a single-leg drop vertical jump', Physical Therapy in Sport: Official Journal of the Association of Chartered Physiotherapists, 46, pp. 226–233.
  • Chun, B.O., Choi, S.H., Lee, J.B., Kim, E. and Lee, K. (2021) 'Effects of core balance and plyometric training on anaerobic power and dynamic postural stability in youth taekwondo athletes', Exercise Science, 30(2), pp. 167–174.
  • Cortell-Tormo, J.M., García-Jaén, M., Chulvi-Medrano, I., Hernández-Sánchez, S., Lucas-Cuevas, Á.G. and Tortosa-Martínez, J. (2017) 'Influence of scapular position on the core musculature activation in the prone plank exercise', Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 31(8), pp. 2255–2262.
  • Del Vecchio, F.B., Franchini, E., Del Vecchio, A.H.M. and Pieter, W. (2011) 'Energy absorbed by electronic body protectors from kicks in a taekwondo competition', Biology of Sport, 28(1), p. 75.
  • Formiglio, E., Patti, A., Fernández-Peña, E., Giustino, V., Vicari, D. S. S., Tamassia, A., & Gervasi, M. (2024). The effects of multiple factors on post-activation potentiation and performance enhancement: a narrative review. Acta Kinesiologica, 18(1), 75-91.
  • García-Ramos, A., Poveda-Pagán, N., Valdés-Badilla, P., Hernández-Martínez, J. and Zabaloy, S. (2024) 'Reliability of single-leg maximal dynamic strength performance in pre-pubertal athletes', Heliyon, 10(5), e147470.
  • Gençoğlu, C., Ulupınar, S., Özbay, S., Turan, M., Savaş, B. Ç., Asan, S., & İnce, İ. (2023). Validity and reliability of "My Jump app" to assess vertical jump performance: a meta-analytic review. Scientific reports, 13(1), 20137. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-46935-x
  • Gottschall, J.S., Hastings, B. and Becker, Z. (2018) 'Muscle activity patterns do not differ between push-up and bench press exercises', Journal of Applied Biomechanics, 34(6), pp. 442–447.
  • Granacher, U., Gollhofer, A., Hortobágyi, T., Kressig, R.W. and Muehlbauer, T. (2013) 'The importance of trunk muscle strength for balance, functional performance, and fall prevention in seniors: A systematic review', Sports Medicine, 43(7), pp. 627–641.
  • Han, Z. and Ju, H. (2023) 'Meta-analysis of the intervention effects of taekwondo on metabolic syndrome indicators', Frontiers in Physiology, 14, 1069424.
  • Hanavan, E.P., Jr. (1964) A mathematical model of the human body (AMRL-TR-64-118). Aerospace Medical Research Laboratories.
  • Hlaing, S.S., Puntumetakul, R., Khine, E.E. and Boucaut, R. (2021) 'Effects of core stabilization exercise and strengthening exercise on proprioception, balance, muscle thickness and pain-related outcomes in patients with subacute nonspecific low back pain: A randomized controlled trial', BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 22(1), p. 998.
  • Jones, J. (2013) 'Core training concepts', in NASM Essentials of Personal Fitness Training. 4th ed. NASM, pp. 7-15.
  • Junker, D. and Stöggl, T. (2019) 'The training effects of foam rolling on core strength endurance, balance, muscle performance and range of motion: A randomized controlled trial', Journal of Sports Science & Medicine, 18(2), pp. 229–238.
  • Karimijashni, M., Sarvestani, F. K., & Yoosefinejad, A. K. (2023). The Effect of Contralateral Knee Neuromuscular Exercises on Static and Dynamic Balance, Knee Function, and Pain in Athletes Who Underwent Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Single-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of sport rehabilitation, 32(5), 524–539. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsr.2021-0380
  • Kibler, W.B., Press, J. and Sciascia, A. (2006) 'The role of core stability in athletic function', Sports Medicine, 36(3), pp. 189–198.
  • Knuttgen, H.G. (2019) 'Quantification and description of physical exercise performance', American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, 98(3), pp. 171–173.
  • Ko, H.S., Jung, H.-U., Park, T.-Y., Song, J.-K., Wang, J. and Jung, H.C. (2024) 'Comparisons of functional movements and core muscle activity in women according to Pilates proficiency', Frontiers in Physiology, 15, 1435671.
  • Koźlenia, D. and Wochna, K. (2024) 'Effects of 8-week high-intensity interval and plyometric training on body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness', Heliyon, 10(3), e123456.
  • Krishna, V., Noronha, T. and Pathak, A.A. (2024) 'Association between core strength and dynamic balance of throwing hand in professional healthy cricket fast bowlers: A cross-sectional study', Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies, 39, pp. 156–161.
  • Kurt, S., Ibis, S., Aktug, Z.B. and Altundag, E. (2023) 'The effect of core training on swimmers' functional movement screen scores and sport performances', JTRM in Kinesiology, 9, pp. 1–6.
  • Li, X. (2012) 'Score skills of the 16th Asian Games of Taekwondo Competition in new rules', Journal of Shenyang Sport University, 2, p. 34.
  • Li, X., Shen, J., Liang, J., Zhou, X., Yang, Y., Wang, D., Wang, S., Wang, L., Wang, H. and Du, Q. (2021) 'Effect of core-based exercise in people with scoliosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis', Clinical Rehabilitation, 35(5), pp. 669–680.
  • Li, X.-j. (2014) 'Study on development trend of Taekwondo tactical from the 16th Asian Games of Taekwondo Competition', Journal of Lanzhou University of Arts and Science, 5, p. 20.
  • Ługowska, K., Kolanowski, W. and Trafialek, J. (2023) 'Increasing physical activity at school improves physical fitness of early adolescents', International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(3), 2348.
  • Marangoz, İ. (2022) 'Determination of relative leg strength in athletes', Turkish Journal of Health and Sports, 2(2), pp. 26–29.
  • Marangoz, İ. and Keleş, A. (2022) 'Examination of relative arm strength of athletes under the age of 18 competing in individual and team sports', Mediterranean Journal of Sports Sciences, 5(2), pp. 291–302.
  • Marangoz, İ. and Özbalcı, Ü. (2017) 'Somatotype calculation program (SOMATOTÜRK)', The Journal of Academic Social Sciences, 47, pp. 288–293.
  • Marković, G., Misigoj-Duraković, M. and Trninić, S. (2005) 'Fitness profile of elite Croatian female Taekwondo athletes', Collegium Antropologicum, 29(1), pp. 93–99.
  • Marks, D., Merrigan, J.J. and Martin, J. (2022) 'Do baseline physical fitness measures predict law enforcement academy graduation?', Work (Reading, Mass.), 72(1), pp. 263–269.
  • Márquez, J.J., López-Gullón, J.M., Menescardi, C. and Falcó, C. (2022) 'Comparison between the KPNP and Daedo protection scoring systems through a technical-tactical analysis of elite taekwondo athletes', Sustainability, 14(4), 2111.
  • McCurdy, K.W., Langford, G.A., Doscher, M.W., Wiley, L.P. and Mallard, K.G. (2005) 'The effects of short-term unilateral and bilateral lower-body resistance training on measures of strength and power', Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 19(1), pp. 9–15.
  • Migliorini, F., Vecchio, G., Weber, C.D., Kämmer, D., Bell, A., Maffulli, N. (2023). Management of transient bone osteoporosis: a systematic review. British Medical Bulletin, 147(1), 79-89.
  • Mülazımoğlu, O. (2021) 'The effect of fatigue on shooting technique in young basketball players', Selcuk University Physical Education and Sports Science Journal, 14(1), pp. 37–41.
  • Nayyab, I., Ghous, M., Shakil Ur Rehman, S. and Yaqoob, I. (2021) 'The effects of an exercise program for core muscle strengthening in patients with low back pain after Caesarean Section: A single blind randomized controlled trial', JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, 71(5), pp. 1319– 1325.
  • Obertinca, R. (2018) Effect of core stabilization training with open eyes versus closed eyes on the balance of young football players. Master's thesis. Lietuvos Sporto Universitetas, Lithuania.
  • Ölmez, C. and Akcan, I.O. (2021) 'Repetitive sprint or calisthenics training: Which is more successful for athletic performance?', Acta Kinesiologica, 15(2), pp. 42–48.
  • Ouergui, I., Franchini, E., Messaoudi, H., Chtourou, H., Bouassida, A., Bouhlel, E. and Ardigò, L.P. (2021) 'Effects of adding small combat games to regular taekwondo training on physiological and performance outcomes in male young athletes', Frontiers in Physiology, 12, 646666.
  • Padulo, J., Chamari, K., Concu, A., Dal Pupo, J., Laffaye, G., Zagatto, A. M., & Ardigò, L. P. (2014). Concentric and eccentric: Muscle contraction or exercise? New perspective. Muscles, Ligaments and Tendons Journal, 4(2), 158.
  • Padulo, J., & Ardigò, L. P. (2014). The construct validity of session RPE during an intensive camp in young male Karate athletes. Muscles, Ligaments and Tendons Journal, 4(2), 121-126.
  • Park, J.H., Jeon, H.S. and Park, H.W. (2018) 'Effects of the Schroth exercise on idiopathic scoliosis: A meta- analysis', European Journal of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, 54(3), pp. 440–449.
  • Pérez-Gutiérrez, M., Valdés-Badilla, P., Gutiérrez-García, C. and Herrera Valenzuela, T. (2017) 'Taekwondo scientific production published on the Web of Science: Collaboration and topics', Movimento, 23(4), pp. 1325–1340.
  • Russo, L., Montagnani, E., Pietrantuono, D., D'Angona, F., Fratini, T., Di Giminiani, R., Palermi, S., Ceccarini, F., Migliaccio, G. M., Lupu, E., & Padulo, J. (2023). Self-Myofascial Release of the Foot Plantar Surface: The Effects of a Single Exercise Session on the Posterior Muscular Chain Flexibility after One Hour. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(2), 974.
  • Santana, J.C. (2005) 'Strength training for swimmers: Training the core', Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine, 2(2), pp. 40–42.
  • Sasaki, S., Tsuda, E., Yamamoto, Y., Maeda, S., Kimura, Y., Fujita, Y. and Ishibashi, Y. (2019) 'Core-muscle training and neuromuscular control of the lower limb and trunk', Journal of Athletic Training, 54(9), pp. 959–969.
  • Seo, B.D., Kim, H.J. and Ju, J.Y. (2020) 'Effect of muscle fatigue on the proprioception by the taekwondo training type', Korean Society of Physical Medicine, 15(3), pp. 1–9.
  • Sever, O. (2017) 'Comparison of static and dynamic core exercises’ effects on stork balance test in soccer players', Journal of Human Sciences, 14(2), pp. 1781–1791.
  • Shirazi, M.T. S. and Sadeghi, H. (2020) 'Effect and durability of eight-week core stability training on body balance and force of direct foot kick in young men Jeet Kune Do (Wushu) players with somatotype emphasis', Journal of Sport Biomechanics, 6(2), pp. 122–133.
  • Shinkle, J., Nesser, T.W., Demchak, T.J. and McMannus, D.M. (2012) 'Effect of core strength on the measure of power in the extremities', Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 26(2), pp. 373–380.
  • Smart, J., McCurdy, K., Miller, B. and Pankey, R. (2011) 'The effect of core training on tennis serve velocity', The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 25(1), pp. 103–104.
  • Stephenson, J. and Swank, A.M. (2004) 'Core training: Designing a program for anyone', Strength and Conditioning Journal, 26(6), pp. 34–37.
  • Suchomel, T.J., Nimphius, S. and Stone, M.H. (2016) 'The importance of muscular strength in athletic performance', Sports Medicine, 46(9), pp. 1419–1449.
  • Sun, M., Min, L., Xu, N., Huang, L. and Li, X. (2021) 'The effect of exercise intervention on reducing the fall risk in older adults: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials', International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(23), 12513.
  • Sun, X., Gak, Q., Dou, H. and Tang, S. (2016) 'Which is better in the rehabilitation of stroke patients, core stability exercises or conventional exercises?', Journal of Physical Therapy Science, 28(4), pp. 1131–1133. Valdés-Badilla, P., Guzmán-Muñoz, E., Herrera-Valenzuela, T., Branco, B.H.M., Hernandez-Martinez, J. and
  • Nobari, H. (2023) 'Impact of adapted taekwondo vs. multicomponent training on health status in independent older women: A randomized controlled trial', Frontiers in Public Health, 11, 1236402.
  • Vitale, J.A., La Torre, A., Banfi, G. and Bonato, M. (2018) 'Effects of an 8-week body-weight neuromuscular training on dynamic balance and vertical jump performances in elite junior skiing athletes: A randomized controlled trial', Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 32(4), pp. 911–920.
  • Wu, Y.-N., Tsai, M.-C. and Chiu, P.-K. (2016) 'Case study in technical patterns for an elite female taekwondo', Journal of Taekwondo Sports, 3, pp. 1–9.
  • Yıldız, Y. and Ünlü, H. (2016) 'The effect of core exercises on anthropometric characteristics and some performance parameters in Taekwondo athletes: Experimental research', Turkey Clinics Journal of Sports Sciences, 15(1), pp. 68–78.
  • Yılmaz, E.A., & Ateş, O. (2024). Farklı Yüksekliklere Uygulanan Yeop Chagi Tekmesinde Core Kas Aktivasyonunun İncelenmesi. Gazi Journal of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, 29(2), 75-82. https://doi.org/10.53434/gbesbd.1428946
  • Zemková, E. (2022) 'Strength and power-related measures in assessing core muscle performance in sport and rehabilitation', Frontiers in Physiology, 13, 861582.

DO STATIC AND DYNAMIC CORE TRAINING PROGRAMS AFFECT BIOMOTOR PERFORMANCE IN YOUNG TAEKWONDO ATHLETES?

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 3, 247 - 260, 22.12.2025

Burakhan Aydemir , Duygu Sevinç Yilmaz , İrfan Marangoz , Fatih Kırkbir , Abdullah Bora Özkara , Olcay Mülazımoğlu

Öz

Objective: The aim of this pilot study was to investigate the effects of an 8-week combined static and dynamic core training program, in addition to routine taekwondo practice, on strength, speed, balance, and taekwondo-specific kicking performance in young taekwondo athletes.
Methods: Twenty-one young athletes (8 males, 13 females; mean age = 13.2 ± 0.8 years) completed an 8-week core training intervention (3 sessions/week, 35 min). A single-group pretest–post-test design was employed. Outcomes included core strength (leg-lift, plank, sit-ups, push-ups), lower-limb strength and power (leg press, leg mass, relative leg strength, vertical jump), speed (30-m sprint), balance (stork test), and taekwondo-specific kicking power (palding chagi, yop chagi, spinning palding chagi) measured with a PSS device. Data were analysed using Wilcoxon signed-rank tests, with effect sizes (r) and 95% confidence intervals reported.
Results: Significant improvements were observed in leg-lift, plank, sit-ups, push-ups, vertical jump, 30-m sprint, leg press, leg mass, and relative leg strength (all p < .05, r = 0.45–0.68). Kicking performance increased for palding chagi, yop chagi, and spinning palding chagi (p < .05, r = 0.42–0.60). No significant changes were found in stork balance (p > .05)
Conclusion: This uncontrolled pilot study suggests that an 8-week combined static and dynamic core training program may improve strength, sprint, and taekwondo-specific kicking performance in young athletes, while balance remained unchanged.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Taekwondo core training palding chagi yop chagi kicking strength

Kaynakça

  • Arı, Y. and Çolakoğlu, F.F. (2021) 'Do core exercises affect tennis performance in tennis players?', Gaziantep University Journal of Sports Sciences, 6(1), pp. 40–54.
  • Aslan, A.K., Erkmen, N., Aktaş, S. and Güven, F. (2018) 'Postural control and functional performance after core training in young soccer players', Movement, Health & Exercise, 7(2), pp. 23–38.
  • Baranovič, T., & Zemková, E. (2021). The Relationship between the Performance of Soccer Players on the Curved Sprint Test, Repeated Sprint Test, and Change-of-Direction Speed Test. Applied Sciences, 11(12), 5355. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11125355
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2019) Sosyal bilimler için veri analizi el kitabı: İstatistik, araştırma deseni, SPSS uygulamaları ve yorum. Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
  • Byrne, J.M., Bishop, N.S., Caines, A.M., Crane, K.A., Feaver, A.M. and Pearcey, G.E. (2014) 'Effect of using a suspension training system on muscle activation during the performance of a front plank exercise', Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 28(11), pp. 3049–3055.
  • Capelli, C., Rittveger, J., Bruseghini, P., Calabria, E. and Tam, E. (2016) 'Maximal aerobic power and anaerobic capacity in cycling across the age spectrum in male master athletes', European Journal of Applied Physiology, 116(7), pp. 1395–1410.
  • Ceylan, L. (2022) 'Evaluation of core stabilization strength of team and individual athletes and sedentary individuals aged 13-18', Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences, 16(3), pp. 255-259.
  • Chen, W.H., Wu, H.J., Lo, S.L., Chen, H., Yang, W.W., Huang, C.F. and Liu, C. (2018) 'Eight-week battle rope training improves multiple physical fitness dimensions and shooting accuracy in collegiate basketball players', Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 32(10), pp. 2715–2724.
  • Chijimatsu, M., Ishida, T., Yamanaka, M., Taniguchi, S., Ueno, R., Ikuta, R., Samukawa, M., Ino, T., Kasahara, S. and Tohyama, H. (2020) 'Landing instructions focused on pelvic and trunk lateral tilt decrease the knee abduction moment during a single-leg drop vertical jump', Physical Therapy in Sport: Official Journal of the Association of Chartered Physiotherapists, 46, pp. 226–233.
  • Chun, B.O., Choi, S.H., Lee, J.B., Kim, E. and Lee, K. (2021) 'Effects of core balance and plyometric training on anaerobic power and dynamic postural stability in youth taekwondo athletes', Exercise Science, 30(2), pp. 167–174.
  • Cortell-Tormo, J.M., García-Jaén, M., Chulvi-Medrano, I., Hernández-Sánchez, S., Lucas-Cuevas, Á.G. and Tortosa-Martínez, J. (2017) 'Influence of scapular position on the core musculature activation in the prone plank exercise', Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 31(8), pp. 2255–2262.
  • Del Vecchio, F.B., Franchini, E., Del Vecchio, A.H.M. and Pieter, W. (2011) 'Energy absorbed by electronic body protectors from kicks in a taekwondo competition', Biology of Sport, 28(1), p. 75.
  • Formiglio, E., Patti, A., Fernández-Peña, E., Giustino, V., Vicari, D. S. S., Tamassia, A., & Gervasi, M. (2024). The effects of multiple factors on post-activation potentiation and performance enhancement: a narrative review. Acta Kinesiologica, 18(1), 75-91.
  • García-Ramos, A., Poveda-Pagán, N., Valdés-Badilla, P., Hernández-Martínez, J. and Zabaloy, S. (2024) 'Reliability of single-leg maximal dynamic strength performance in pre-pubertal athletes', Heliyon, 10(5), e147470.
  • Gençoğlu, C., Ulupınar, S., Özbay, S., Turan, M., Savaş, B. Ç., Asan, S., & İnce, İ. (2023). Validity and reliability of "My Jump app" to assess vertical jump performance: a meta-analytic review. Scientific reports, 13(1), 20137. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-46935-x
  • Gottschall, J.S., Hastings, B. and Becker, Z. (2018) 'Muscle activity patterns do not differ between push-up and bench press exercises', Journal of Applied Biomechanics, 34(6), pp. 442–447.
  • Granacher, U., Gollhofer, A., Hortobágyi, T., Kressig, R.W. and Muehlbauer, T. (2013) 'The importance of trunk muscle strength for balance, functional performance, and fall prevention in seniors: A systematic review', Sports Medicine, 43(7), pp. 627–641.
  • Han, Z. and Ju, H. (2023) 'Meta-analysis of the intervention effects of taekwondo on metabolic syndrome indicators', Frontiers in Physiology, 14, 1069424.
  • Hanavan, E.P., Jr. (1964) A mathematical model of the human body (AMRL-TR-64-118). Aerospace Medical Research Laboratories.
  • Hlaing, S.S., Puntumetakul, R., Khine, E.E. and Boucaut, R. (2021) 'Effects of core stabilization exercise and strengthening exercise on proprioception, balance, muscle thickness and pain-related outcomes in patients with subacute nonspecific low back pain: A randomized controlled trial', BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 22(1), p. 998.
  • Jones, J. (2013) 'Core training concepts', in NASM Essentials of Personal Fitness Training. 4th ed. NASM, pp. 7-15.
  • Junker, D. and Stöggl, T. (2019) 'The training effects of foam rolling on core strength endurance, balance, muscle performance and range of motion: A randomized controlled trial', Journal of Sports Science & Medicine, 18(2), pp. 229–238.
  • Karimijashni, M., Sarvestani, F. K., & Yoosefinejad, A. K. (2023). The Effect of Contralateral Knee Neuromuscular Exercises on Static and Dynamic Balance, Knee Function, and Pain in Athletes Who Underwent Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Single-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of sport rehabilitation, 32(5), 524–539. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsr.2021-0380
  • Kibler, W.B., Press, J. and Sciascia, A. (2006) 'The role of core stability in athletic function', Sports Medicine, 36(3), pp. 189–198.
  • Knuttgen, H.G. (2019) 'Quantification and description of physical exercise performance', American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, 98(3), pp. 171–173.
  • Ko, H.S., Jung, H.-U., Park, T.-Y., Song, J.-K., Wang, J. and Jung, H.C. (2024) 'Comparisons of functional movements and core muscle activity in women according to Pilates proficiency', Frontiers in Physiology, 15, 1435671.
  • Koźlenia, D. and Wochna, K. (2024) 'Effects of 8-week high-intensity interval and plyometric training on body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness', Heliyon, 10(3), e123456.
  • Krishna, V., Noronha, T. and Pathak, A.A. (2024) 'Association between core strength and dynamic balance of throwing hand in professional healthy cricket fast bowlers: A cross-sectional study', Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies, 39, pp. 156–161.
  • Kurt, S., Ibis, S., Aktug, Z.B. and Altundag, E. (2023) 'The effect of core training on swimmers' functional movement screen scores and sport performances', JTRM in Kinesiology, 9, pp. 1–6.
  • Li, X. (2012) 'Score skills of the 16th Asian Games of Taekwondo Competition in new rules', Journal of Shenyang Sport University, 2, p. 34.
  • Li, X., Shen, J., Liang, J., Zhou, X., Yang, Y., Wang, D., Wang, S., Wang, L., Wang, H. and Du, Q. (2021) 'Effect of core-based exercise in people with scoliosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis', Clinical Rehabilitation, 35(5), pp. 669–680.
  • Li, X.-j. (2014) 'Study on development trend of Taekwondo tactical from the 16th Asian Games of Taekwondo Competition', Journal of Lanzhou University of Arts and Science, 5, p. 20.
  • Ługowska, K., Kolanowski, W. and Trafialek, J. (2023) 'Increasing physical activity at school improves physical fitness of early adolescents', International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(3), 2348.
  • Marangoz, İ. (2022) 'Determination of relative leg strength in athletes', Turkish Journal of Health and Sports, 2(2), pp. 26–29.
  • Marangoz, İ. and Keleş, A. (2022) 'Examination of relative arm strength of athletes under the age of 18 competing in individual and team sports', Mediterranean Journal of Sports Sciences, 5(2), pp. 291–302.
  • Marangoz, İ. and Özbalcı, Ü. (2017) 'Somatotype calculation program (SOMATOTÜRK)', The Journal of Academic Social Sciences, 47, pp. 288–293.
  • Marković, G., Misigoj-Duraković, M. and Trninić, S. (2005) 'Fitness profile of elite Croatian female Taekwondo athletes', Collegium Antropologicum, 29(1), pp. 93–99.
  • Marks, D., Merrigan, J.J. and Martin, J. (2022) 'Do baseline physical fitness measures predict law enforcement academy graduation?', Work (Reading, Mass.), 72(1), pp. 263–269.
  • Márquez, J.J., López-Gullón, J.M., Menescardi, C. and Falcó, C. (2022) 'Comparison between the KPNP and Daedo protection scoring systems through a technical-tactical analysis of elite taekwondo athletes', Sustainability, 14(4), 2111.
  • McCurdy, K.W., Langford, G.A., Doscher, M.W., Wiley, L.P. and Mallard, K.G. (2005) 'The effects of short-term unilateral and bilateral lower-body resistance training on measures of strength and power', Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 19(1), pp. 9–15.
  • Migliorini, F., Vecchio, G., Weber, C.D., Kämmer, D., Bell, A., Maffulli, N. (2023). Management of transient bone osteoporosis: a systematic review. British Medical Bulletin, 147(1), 79-89.
  • Mülazımoğlu, O. (2021) 'The effect of fatigue on shooting technique in young basketball players', Selcuk University Physical Education and Sports Science Journal, 14(1), pp. 37–41.
  • Nayyab, I., Ghous, M., Shakil Ur Rehman, S. and Yaqoob, I. (2021) 'The effects of an exercise program for core muscle strengthening in patients with low back pain after Caesarean Section: A single blind randomized controlled trial', JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, 71(5), pp. 1319– 1325.
  • Obertinca, R. (2018) Effect of core stabilization training with open eyes versus closed eyes on the balance of young football players. Master's thesis. Lietuvos Sporto Universitetas, Lithuania.
  • Ölmez, C. and Akcan, I.O. (2021) 'Repetitive sprint or calisthenics training: Which is more successful for athletic performance?', Acta Kinesiologica, 15(2), pp. 42–48.
  • Ouergui, I., Franchini, E., Messaoudi, H., Chtourou, H., Bouassida, A., Bouhlel, E. and Ardigò, L.P. (2021) 'Effects of adding small combat games to regular taekwondo training on physiological and performance outcomes in male young athletes', Frontiers in Physiology, 12, 646666.
  • Padulo, J., Chamari, K., Concu, A., Dal Pupo, J., Laffaye, G., Zagatto, A. M., & Ardigò, L. P. (2014). Concentric and eccentric: Muscle contraction or exercise? New perspective. Muscles, Ligaments and Tendons Journal, 4(2), 158.
  • Padulo, J., & Ardigò, L. P. (2014). The construct validity of session RPE during an intensive camp in young male Karate athletes. Muscles, Ligaments and Tendons Journal, 4(2), 121-126.
  • Park, J.H., Jeon, H.S. and Park, H.W. (2018) 'Effects of the Schroth exercise on idiopathic scoliosis: A meta- analysis', European Journal of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, 54(3), pp. 440–449.
  • Pérez-Gutiérrez, M., Valdés-Badilla, P., Gutiérrez-García, C. and Herrera Valenzuela, T. (2017) 'Taekwondo scientific production published on the Web of Science: Collaboration and topics', Movimento, 23(4), pp. 1325–1340.
  • Russo, L., Montagnani, E., Pietrantuono, D., D'Angona, F., Fratini, T., Di Giminiani, R., Palermi, S., Ceccarini, F., Migliaccio, G. M., Lupu, E., & Padulo, J. (2023). Self-Myofascial Release of the Foot Plantar Surface: The Effects of a Single Exercise Session on the Posterior Muscular Chain Flexibility after One Hour. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(2), 974.
  • Santana, J.C. (2005) 'Strength training for swimmers: Training the core', Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine, 2(2), pp. 40–42.
  • Sasaki, S., Tsuda, E., Yamamoto, Y., Maeda, S., Kimura, Y., Fujita, Y. and Ishibashi, Y. (2019) 'Core-muscle training and neuromuscular control of the lower limb and trunk', Journal of Athletic Training, 54(9), pp. 959–969.
  • Seo, B.D., Kim, H.J. and Ju, J.Y. (2020) 'Effect of muscle fatigue on the proprioception by the taekwondo training type', Korean Society of Physical Medicine, 15(3), pp. 1–9.
  • Sever, O. (2017) 'Comparison of static and dynamic core exercises’ effects on stork balance test in soccer players', Journal of Human Sciences, 14(2), pp. 1781–1791.
  • Shirazi, M.T. S. and Sadeghi, H. (2020) 'Effect and durability of eight-week core stability training on body balance and force of direct foot kick in young men Jeet Kune Do (Wushu) players with somatotype emphasis', Journal of Sport Biomechanics, 6(2), pp. 122–133.
  • Shinkle, J., Nesser, T.W., Demchak, T.J. and McMannus, D.M. (2012) 'Effect of core strength on the measure of power in the extremities', Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 26(2), pp. 373–380.
  • Smart, J., McCurdy, K., Miller, B. and Pankey, R. (2011) 'The effect of core training on tennis serve velocity', The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 25(1), pp. 103–104.
  • Stephenson, J. and Swank, A.M. (2004) 'Core training: Designing a program for anyone', Strength and Conditioning Journal, 26(6), pp. 34–37.
  • Suchomel, T.J., Nimphius, S. and Stone, M.H. (2016) 'The importance of muscular strength in athletic performance', Sports Medicine, 46(9), pp. 1419–1449.
  • Sun, M., Min, L., Xu, N., Huang, L. and Li, X. (2021) 'The effect of exercise intervention on reducing the fall risk in older adults: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials', International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(23), 12513.
  • Sun, X., Gak, Q., Dou, H. and Tang, S. (2016) 'Which is better in the rehabilitation of stroke patients, core stability exercises or conventional exercises?', Journal of Physical Therapy Science, 28(4), pp. 1131–1133. Valdés-Badilla, P., Guzmán-Muñoz, E., Herrera-Valenzuela, T., Branco, B.H.M., Hernandez-Martinez, J. and
  • Nobari, H. (2023) 'Impact of adapted taekwondo vs. multicomponent training on health status in independent older women: A randomized controlled trial', Frontiers in Public Health, 11, 1236402.
  • Vitale, J.A., La Torre, A., Banfi, G. and Bonato, M. (2018) 'Effects of an 8-week body-weight neuromuscular training on dynamic balance and vertical jump performances in elite junior skiing athletes: A randomized controlled trial', Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 32(4), pp. 911–920.
  • Wu, Y.-N., Tsai, M.-C. and Chiu, P.-K. (2016) 'Case study in technical patterns for an elite female taekwondo', Journal of Taekwondo Sports, 3, pp. 1–9.
  • Yıldız, Y. and Ünlü, H. (2016) 'The effect of core exercises on anthropometric characteristics and some performance parameters in Taekwondo athletes: Experimental research', Turkey Clinics Journal of Sports Sciences, 15(1), pp. 68–78.
  • Yılmaz, E.A., & Ateş, O. (2024). Farklı Yüksekliklere Uygulanan Yeop Chagi Tekmesinde Core Kas Aktivasyonunun İncelenmesi. Gazi Journal of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, 29(2), 75-82. https://doi.org/10.53434/gbesbd.1428946
  • Zemková, E. (2022) 'Strength and power-related measures in assessing core muscle performance in sport and rehabilitation', Frontiers in Physiology, 13, 861582.
Toplam 68 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Antrenman
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Burakhan Aydemir 0000-0003-3922-3693

Duygu Sevinç Yilmaz 0000-0002-7737-564X

İrfan Marangoz 0000-0002-7090-529X

Fatih Kırkbir 0000-0003-0181-7138

Abdullah Bora Özkara 0000-0003-1688-3410

Olcay Mülazımoğlu

Gönderilme Tarihi 16 Ekim 2025
Kabul Tarihi 20 Kasım 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 22 Aralık 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 6 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Aydemir, B., Sevinç Yilmaz, D., Marangoz, İ., … Kırkbir, F. (2025). STATİK VE DİNAMİK CORE EGZERSİZ PROGRAMLARI GENÇ TEKVANDO SPORCULARININ BİYOMOTOR PERFORMANSINI ETKİLER Mİ? Sivas Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 6(3), 247-260.