ACUTE EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT WARMING PROTOCOLS ON SOME ANAEROBIC PERFORMANCE IN YOUNG BASKETBALL PLAYERS
Abstract
This study aimed to develop a valid and reliable athlete nutrition knowledge awareness scale. Within the scope of the study, the athlete nutrition knowledge awareness scale was developed, and the R programming language psych package and SPSS 25 were used in data analysis. The study was conducted in 2025 with licenced athletes. Quantitative data collection methods were used within the scope of the study. A pilot application was conducted with 50 athletes. The 22-item five-point Likert-type scale was applied to 135 athletes, and EFA was conducted with the data obtained from the scale. Item-total correlations and factor loadings were examined, and items with a value below 0.40 were removed. As a result of the EFA, a two-factor structure consisting of 13 items was obtained. The first factor explained 25.114% of the total variance, and the second factor explained 23.751%; the total explained variance was found to be 48.865%. CFA was performed with the scale applied to 131 athletes, and model fit was evaluated with various fit indices (CFI, TLI, RMSEA, GFI, IFI). According to the CFA results, χ²/df = 1.044, RMSEA = .018, CFI = .995, TLI = .994, GFI = .954, SRMR = .071 were found, and the model was determined to have an excellent level of fit with the data. The developed scale consists of 13 items and 2 sub-dimensions named Basic Principles in Athlete Nutrition and Misconceptions in Athlete Nutrition. The internal consistency of the scale was evaluated with Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient. As a result of the analysis of the 13 items in the scale, the alpha value was found to be .772, which indicates that the overall scale has an acceptable internal consistency. The correlation between the factors was determined as .29. To test the assumptions of factor analysis, the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) sample adequacy test and Bartlett’s test of sphericity were applied. The KMO value was found to be .747, indicating that the sample was sufficiently adequate for factor analysis. Bartlett's test of sphericity was found to be significant (p < .001).
Keywords
References
- Ayala, F., & De Ste Croix, M. B. (2017a). Training effects of the FIFA 11+ and harmokneeo n several neuromuscular parameters of physical performance measures. Internationaljournal of sports medicine, 38(4), 278-289.
- Ayala, F., Calderón-López, A., Delgado-Gosálbez, J. C., Parra-Sánchez, S., PomaresNoguera, C., Hernández-Sánchez, S., De Ste Croix, M. (2017b). Acute effects of three neuromuscular warm-up strategies on several physical performance measures in football players. PloS one, 12(1).
- Behm, D.G. and Chaouachi, A. (2011) A review of the acute effects of static and dynamic stretching on performance. European Journal of Applied Physiology 111, 2633-2651.
- Bizzini, M., & Dvorak, J. (2015). FIFA 11+: an effective programme to prevent football injuries in various player groups worldwide-a narrative review. British journal of sports medicine, 49(9), 577–579.
- Bizzini, M., Impellizzeri, F. M., Dvorak, J., Bortolan, L., Schena, F., Modena, R., & Junge, A. (2013). Physiological and performance responses to the "FIFA 11+" (part 1): is it an appropriate warm-up?. Journal of sports sciences, 31(13), 1481–1490.
- Chappell, J. D., & Limpisvasti, O. (2008). Effect of a neuromuscular training program on the kinetics and kinematics of jumping tasks. The American journal of sports medicine, 36(6), 1081–1086.
- Daneshjoo, A., Mokhtar, A. H., Rahnama, N., & Yusof, A. (2013). Effects of the 11+ and Harmoknee warm-up programs on physical performance measures in professional soccer players. Journal of sports science & medicine, 12(3), 489.
- Delextrat, A., & Cohen, D. (2009). Strength, power, speed, and agility of women basketball players according to playing position. Journal of strength and conditioning research, 23(7), 1974–1981.
- Ferioli, D., Schelling, X., Bosio, A., La Torre, A., Rucco, D., & Rampinini, E. (2020). Match Activities in Basketball Games: Comparison Between Different Competitive Levels. Journal of strength and conditioning research, 34(1), 172–182.
- Gelen, E. (2010). Acute effects of different warm-up methods on sprint, slalom dribbling, and penalty kick performance in soccer players. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 24(4), 950-956.
- Gouttebarge, V., van Sluis, M., Verhagen, E., & Zwerver, J. (2017). The prevention of musculoskeletal injuries in volleyball: the systematic development of an intervention and its feasibility. Injury epidemiology, 4(1), 25.
- Hachana, Y., Chaabène, H., Nabli, M. A., Attia, A., Moualhi, J., Farhat, N., & Elloumi, M. (2013). Test-retest reliability, criterion-related validity, and minimal detectable change of the Illinois agility test in male team sport athletes. Journal of strength and conditioning research, 27(10), 2752–2759.
- Hataş, Ö. (2019). Farklı Isınma Protokollerinin Tekrarlı Sprint Performansına Etkilerinin Karşılaştırılması. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ankara Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara.
- Işıkdemir, E., Uzlaşır, S., & Köklü, Y. (2020). Genç erkek basketbolcularda yapılan farklı ısınma yöntemlerinin bazı performans parametreleri üzerine akut etkisi. Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 31(3), 96-105.
- Kiani, A., Hellquist, E., Ahlqvist, K., Gedeborg, R., Michaëlsson, K., & Byberg, L. (2010). Prevention of soccer-related knee injuries in teenaged girls. Archives of internal medicine, 170(1), 43–49.
- Lim, B. O., Lee, Y. S., Kim, J. G., An, K. O., Yoo, J., & Kwon, Y. H. (2009). Effects of sports injury prevention training on the biomechanical risk factors of anterior cruciate ligament injury in high school female basketball players. The American journal of sports medicine, 37(9), 1728–1734.
- Mandelbaum, B. R., Silvers, H. J., Watanabe, D. S., Knarr, J. F., Thomas, S. D., Griffin, L. Y., Kirkendall, D. T., & Garrett, W., Jr (2005). Effectiveness of a neuromuscular and proprioceptive training program in preventing anterior cruciate ligament injuries in female athletes: 2-year follow-up. The American journal of sports medicine, 33(7), 1003–1010.
- Mizuno, T., Matsumoto, M. and Umemura, Y (2013) Decrements in stiffness are restored within 10 min. International Journal of Sports Medicine 34, 484-490.
- Neto GM, Conceicao CS, De Lima B, De Sousa CS, Carvalho VO, De Jesus FLA. (2017). Effects of the FIFA 11 training program on injury prevention and performance in football players: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clinical Rehabilitation; 31(5):651-659.
- Pérez-López, A., & Valadés Cerrato, D. (2013). Bases fisiológicas del calentamiento en voleibol: propuesta práctica. (Physiological Basis of Volleyball Warm-Up: Practical Proposal). Cultura, Ciencia Y Deporte, 8(22), 31–40.
- Pollard, C. D., Sigward, S. M., Ota, S., Langford, K., & Powers, C. M. (2006). The influence of in-season injury prevention training on lower-extremity kinematics during landing in female soccer players. Clinical journal of sport medicine : official journal of the Canadian Academy of Sport Medicine, 16(3), 223–227.
- Ross, A., Leveritt, M. and Reik, S (2001) Neural influence on sprint running: Training adaptations and acute responses. Journal of Sports Medicine 31, 409-417.
- Vescovi, J. D., & VanHeest, J. L. (2010). Effects of an anterior cruciate ligament injury prevention program on performance in adolescent female soccer players. Scandinavian Journal Of Medicine & Science İn Sports, 20(3), 394-402.
Abstract
Bu çalışma, günümüzde yaygın olarak kullanılan bütünleştirilmiş nöromüskuler ısınma çalışmaları içerisinde Harmoknee, PEP ve dinamik ısınma çalışmaları arasındaki farklılıkların çeviklik, 10 m sprint ve dikey sıçrama performansı üzerindeki genel etkisini araştırmak amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışma grubumuzu, yaşları ortalama 16,85 ± 0,36 olan bir mahalli lig basketbol takımında en az 2 yıldır faal olarak basketbol oynayan 12 gönüllü basketbolcu oluşturmuştur. Sporculara iki gün aralıklarla farklı zamanlarda rastgele yöntemle üç farklı ısınma protokolü uygulandı ve ardından çeviklik, 10m sprint ve dikey sıçrama testleri uygulandı. Çalışmamızdan elde edilen veriler ‘’SPSS 22.0’’ programında analiz edildi. Çalışmamızdaki veriler incelendiğinde farklı ısınma protokollerinin çeviklik, 10 m sprint ve dikey sıçrama performans değerleri yönünden istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir farkın olmadığı görülmektedir (p<0,05). Araştırma sonucunda elde edilen bulgular ve yapılan literatür karşılaştırması sonuçlarına göre, anaerobik güç gereksinimi olan hareketler için araştırmamızda değerlendirdiğimiz her üç ısınma protokolünün de kullanılabilir olduğu söylenebilir..
Keywords
References
- Ayala, F., & De Ste Croix, M. B. (2017a). Training effects of the FIFA 11+ and harmokneeo n several neuromuscular parameters of physical performance measures. Internationaljournal of sports medicine, 38(4), 278-289.
- Ayala, F., Calderón-López, A., Delgado-Gosálbez, J. C., Parra-Sánchez, S., PomaresNoguera, C., Hernández-Sánchez, S., De Ste Croix, M. (2017b). Acute effects of three neuromuscular warm-up strategies on several physical performance measures in football players. PloS one, 12(1).
- Behm, D.G. and Chaouachi, A. (2011) A review of the acute effects of static and dynamic stretching on performance. European Journal of Applied Physiology 111, 2633-2651.
- Bizzini, M., & Dvorak, J. (2015). FIFA 11+: an effective programme to prevent football injuries in various player groups worldwide-a narrative review. British journal of sports medicine, 49(9), 577–579.
- Bizzini, M., Impellizzeri, F. M., Dvorak, J., Bortolan, L., Schena, F., Modena, R., & Junge, A. (2013). Physiological and performance responses to the "FIFA 11+" (part 1): is it an appropriate warm-up?. Journal of sports sciences, 31(13), 1481–1490.
- Chappell, J. D., & Limpisvasti, O. (2008). Effect of a neuromuscular training program on the kinetics and kinematics of jumping tasks. The American journal of sports medicine, 36(6), 1081–1086.
- Daneshjoo, A., Mokhtar, A. H., Rahnama, N., & Yusof, A. (2013). Effects of the 11+ and Harmoknee warm-up programs on physical performance measures in professional soccer players. Journal of sports science & medicine, 12(3), 489.
- Delextrat, A., & Cohen, D. (2009). Strength, power, speed, and agility of women basketball players according to playing position. Journal of strength and conditioning research, 23(7), 1974–1981.
- Ferioli, D., Schelling, X., Bosio, A., La Torre, A., Rucco, D., & Rampinini, E. (2020). Match Activities in Basketball Games: Comparison Between Different Competitive Levels. Journal of strength and conditioning research, 34(1), 172–182.
- Gelen, E. (2010). Acute effects of different warm-up methods on sprint, slalom dribbling, and penalty kick performance in soccer players. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 24(4), 950-956.
- Gouttebarge, V., van Sluis, M., Verhagen, E., & Zwerver, J. (2017). The prevention of musculoskeletal injuries in volleyball: the systematic development of an intervention and its feasibility. Injury epidemiology, 4(1), 25.
- Hachana, Y., Chaabène, H., Nabli, M. A., Attia, A., Moualhi, J., Farhat, N., & Elloumi, M. (2013). Test-retest reliability, criterion-related validity, and minimal detectable change of the Illinois agility test in male team sport athletes. Journal of strength and conditioning research, 27(10), 2752–2759.
- Hataş, Ö. (2019). Farklı Isınma Protokollerinin Tekrarlı Sprint Performansına Etkilerinin Karşılaştırılması. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ankara Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara.
- Işıkdemir, E., Uzlaşır, S., & Köklü, Y. (2020). Genç erkek basketbolcularda yapılan farklı ısınma yöntemlerinin bazı performans parametreleri üzerine akut etkisi. Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 31(3), 96-105.
- Kiani, A., Hellquist, E., Ahlqvist, K., Gedeborg, R., Michaëlsson, K., & Byberg, L. (2010). Prevention of soccer-related knee injuries in teenaged girls. Archives of internal medicine, 170(1), 43–49.
- Lim, B. O., Lee, Y. S., Kim, J. G., An, K. O., Yoo, J., & Kwon, Y. H. (2009). Effects of sports injury prevention training on the biomechanical risk factors of anterior cruciate ligament injury in high school female basketball players. The American journal of sports medicine, 37(9), 1728–1734.
- Mandelbaum, B. R., Silvers, H. J., Watanabe, D. S., Knarr, J. F., Thomas, S. D., Griffin, L. Y., Kirkendall, D. T., & Garrett, W., Jr (2005). Effectiveness of a neuromuscular and proprioceptive training program in preventing anterior cruciate ligament injuries in female athletes: 2-year follow-up. The American journal of sports medicine, 33(7), 1003–1010.
- Mizuno, T., Matsumoto, M. and Umemura, Y (2013) Decrements in stiffness are restored within 10 min. International Journal of Sports Medicine 34, 484-490.
- Neto GM, Conceicao CS, De Lima B, De Sousa CS, Carvalho VO, De Jesus FLA. (2017). Effects of the FIFA 11 training program on injury prevention and performance in football players: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clinical Rehabilitation; 31(5):651-659.
- Pérez-López, A., & Valadés Cerrato, D. (2013). Bases fisiológicas del calentamiento en voleibol: propuesta práctica. (Physiological Basis of Volleyball Warm-Up: Practical Proposal). Cultura, Ciencia Y Deporte, 8(22), 31–40.
- Pollard, C. D., Sigward, S. M., Ota, S., Langford, K., & Powers, C. M. (2006). The influence of in-season injury prevention training on lower-extremity kinematics during landing in female soccer players. Clinical journal of sport medicine : official journal of the Canadian Academy of Sport Medicine, 16(3), 223–227.
- Ross, A., Leveritt, M. and Reik, S (2001) Neural influence on sprint running: Training adaptations and acute responses. Journal of Sports Medicine 31, 409-417.
- Vescovi, J. D., & VanHeest, J. L. (2010). Effects of an anterior cruciate ligament injury prevention program on performance in adolescent female soccer players. Scandinavian Journal Of Medicine & Science İn Sports, 20(3), 394-402.
Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Sports Training |
| Journal Section | Research Articles |
| Authors | |
| Early Pub Date | August 12, 2025 |
| Publication Date | August 26, 2025 |
| Submission Date | June 23, 2025 |
| Acceptance Date | July 28, 2025 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2025 Volume: 6 Issue: 2 |
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