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ANTRENMANLARDA UYGULANAN MELATONIN TAKVIYESININ ATLETIK PERFORMANS VE BÜYÜME HORMONU ÜZERINE ETKISI

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2, 32 - 44, 26.08.2025

Muhammed Öniz , Mehmet Şerif Ökmen

Öz

Melatonin her nekadar uyku düzeni ve sirkadiyen ritim ile özdeşleştirilse de, son zamanlarda yapılan araştırmalarda melatonin takviyelerinin antrenmanlarda kullanıldığı görülmektedir. Bu araştırmalarda melatonin takviyesinin atletik performans üzerinde olası etkileri değerlendirilmiştir. Büyüme hormonu (BH), kas gelişimi, yağ metabolizması ve rejenerasyon gibi bir dizi fizyolojik süreçte etkili olduğundan dolayı atletik performansı etkileyen faktörler arasında önemli bir yere sahiptir ve atletik performans analizleri için önemli bir belirteçtir. Bu nedenle, uygulanan melatonin takviyesinin BH üzerinde ne tür bir etkiye sahip olduğu antrenmmanlarda atletik performans analizi için önemli, ilgi çekici ve merak oluşturucu bir konu haline gelmiştir. BH ile melatonin ilişkisi özellikle, antrenör, spor bilimciler, kondisyonerler, sağlık uzmanları ve sporcular için önemli bir araştırma alanı niteliğindedir. Ancak yapılan çalışmalara bakıldığında melatonin ile BH ilişkisi büyük çoğunlukla hayvanlar ve bitkiler üzerinde araştırılmış, insanlar üzerinde çok az sayıda araştıma yapılmıştır. Melatonin takvyesinin insan gönüllülerin BH seviyeleri üzerinde ne tür bir etki gösterdiği tam anlamıyla netlik kazanmamıştır. Bu bağlamda bu çalışmanın amacı, antrenmanlarda uygulanan melatonin takviyesinin BH seviyeleri üzerindeki etkisini sistematik bir şekilde incelemek, mevcut literatürü gözden geçirmek ve gelecekte bu konuda yapılacak araştırmalara yol göstermektedir. Bu araştırmanın verileri çeşitli akademik veritabanları ve literatür araştırma platformları üzerinden uygun anahtar kelimeler kullanılarak yapılan sistematik bir arama nihayetinde elde edilen bilimsel çalışmaların sonuçları ile elde edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, mevcut literatür, antrenmanlarda uygulanan melatonin takviyesinin BH seviyelerini ve/veya atletik performansı artırabildiğini, azaltabildiğini veya etkilemediğini göstermektedir. Bu yüzden, melatonin takviyesinin BH seviyeleri ve atletik performans üzerindeki etkileri hala net değildir. Melatonin takviyesinin BH seviyeleri ve atletik performans üzerine etkisinin daha fazla netlik kazanması için bu konuda daha fazla araştırmaya ihtiyaç vardır ve bu araştırmalarda birincil öncelik olarak bireysel farklılıklar göz önünde bulundurulmalıdır. Melatonin takviyesinin antrenmanlarda BH seviyeleri ve atletik performans üzerindeki etkilerini daha net bir şekilde anlamak için yapılacak benzer çalışmaların kontrollü deneyler içermesi ve bu çalışmaların uzun vadeli çalışmalar olması önerilmektedir. Ayrıca, sporcu sağlığını ve atletik performansı artırmak için melatonin takviyesinin hangi dozda kullanılmasının uygun olduğu ve hangi takviye zamanının daha doğru olduğu konularında rehberlik sağlayacak klinik çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Antrenman Atletik performans Büyüme Hormonu Hormon Melatonin

Kaynakça

  • Almendros-Ruiz, A., Lopez-Moro, A., Conde-Pipò, J., Santalla, A., Requena, B., & Mariscal-Arcas, M. (2023). The Effects of Melatonin Supplementation on Professional Football Player Performance: A Systematic Review. Nutrients, 15(20), 4467. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15204467
  • Atasoy, Ö. B., & Erbaş, O. (2017). Physiological effects of melatonin hormone. FNG & Science Medical Journal, 3(1), 52-62. https://doi.org/10.5606/fng.btd.2017.011
  • Atkinson, G., Jones, H., Edwards, B. J., & Waterhouse, J. M. (2005). Effects of daytime ingestion of melatonin on short-term athletic performance. Ergonomics, 48(11-14), 1512-1522. https://doi.org/10.1080/00140130500100967
  • Backeljauw, P., & Hwa, V. (2016). Growth hormone physiology. In Growth Hormone Deficiency: Physiology and Clinical Management (pp. 7-20). Cham: Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28038-7_2
  • Bidlingmaier, M., Wu, Z., & Strasburger, C. J. (2005). Measurement of Peptide Hormones. The Endocrine System in Sports and Exercise, 36-46. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470757826
  • Bidlingmaier, M., Strasburger, C.J. (2010). Growth Hormone. In: Thieme, D., Hemmersbach, P. (eds) Doping in Sports: Biochemical Principles, Effects and Analysis. (pp. 187-200). Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, vol 195. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-79088-4_8
  • Celorrio San Miguel, A. M., Roche, E., Herranz-López, M., Celorrio San Miguel, M., Mielgo-Ayuso, J., & Fernández-Lázaro, D. (2024). Impact of Melatonin Supplementation on Sports Performance and Circulating Biomarkers in Highly Trained Athletes: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials. Nutrients, 16(7), 1011. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16071011
  • Chennaoui, M., Leger, D., & Gomez-Merino, D. (2020). Sleep and the GH/IGF-1 axis: Consequences and countermeasures of sleep loss/disorders. Sleep Medicine Reviews, 49, 101223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smrv.2019.101223
  • Cho, J. H., Bhutani, S., Kim, C. H., & Irwin, M. R. (2021). Anti-inflammatory effects of melatonin: A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 93, 245-253. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2021.01.034
  • Cunha, L. A., Costa, J. A., Marques, E. A., Brito, J., Lastella, M., & Figueiredo, P. (2023). The impact of sleep interventions on athletic performance: a systematic review. Sports Medicine-Open, 9(1), 58. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40798-023-00599-z
  • Demirdeşen, A. (2023). Melatonin Nedir? Retrieved from https://berkayturkkan.com/melatonin-nedir (Accessed on 9 April 2024).
  • Drummond, F. R., Drummond, L. R., Campos, H. O., Fernandes, J. G. R. P., da Costa Monteiro, M., Lara, H. F. G., ... & Coimbra, C. C. (2024). Is melatonin as an ergogenic hormone a myth? a systematic review and meta-analysis. Endocrine, 83(2), 302-321. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12020-023-03498-1
  • Faria, V. S., Messias, L. H. D., Pejon, T. M. M., & Beck, W. R. (2024). Influence of Acute Melatonin Administration on Human Physical Performance: A Systematic Review. Sports Health, 16(1), 70-78. https://doi.org/10.1177/19417381231155142
  • Farjallah, M. A., Ghattassi, K., Ben Mahmoud, L., Graja, A., Boudaya, M., Elleuch, H., ... & Hammouda, O. (2020). Effect of nocturnal melatonin intake on cellular damage and recovery from repeated sprint performance during an intensive training schedule. Chronobiology International, 37(5), 686-698. https://doi.org/10.1080/07420528.2020.1746797 Farjallah, M., Graja, A., Mahmoud, L., Ghattassi, K., Boudaya, M., Driss, T., ... & Hammouda, O. (2022). Effects of melatonin ingestion on physical performance and biochemical responses following exhaustive running exercise in soccer players. Biology of Sport, 39(2), 473-479. https://doi.org/10.5114/biolsport.2022.106385
  • Fatemeh, G., Sajjad, M., Niloufar, R., Neda, S., Leila, S., & Khadijeh, M. (2022). Effect of melatonin supplementation on sleep quality: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Journal of Neurology, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-020-10381-w
  • Forsling, M. L., Wheeler, M. J., & Williams, A. J. (1999). The effect of melatonin administration on pituitary hormone secretion in man. Clinical Endocrinology, 51(5), 637-642. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2265.1999.00820.x
  • Foster, R. G. (2021). Melatonin. Current Biology, 31(22), R1456-R1458. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2021.10.029 Günay, M., Kara, E., & Cicioğlu, H. İ., (2006). Egzersiz ve Antrenmana Endokrinolojik Uyumlar. Ankara: Gazi Yayınevi.
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  • Karasek, M., Stawerska, R., Smyczynska, J., & Lewinski, A. (2007). Increased melatonin concentrations in children with growth hormone deficiency. Journal of Pineal Research, 42(2), 119-124. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-079X.2006.00388.x
  • Kasuya, E., Kushibik, S., Sutoh, M., Saito, T., Ito, S., Yayou, K. I., ... & Hodate, K. (2006). Effect of melatonin injected into the third ventricle on growth hormone secretion in Holstein steers. Journal of Veterinary Medical Science, 68(10), 1075-1080. https://doi.org/10.1292/jvms.68.1075
  • Kaya, O. (2023). The Relation Between Melatonin and Exercise. Sino-US English Teaching, 20(5), 199-202. https://doi.org/10.17265/1539-8072/2023.05.007
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THE EFFECT OF MELATONİN SUPPLEMENTATİON İN TRAİNİNG ON ATHLETİC PERFORMANCE AND GROWTH HORMONE

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2, 32 - 44, 26.08.2025

Muhammed Öniz , Mehmet Şerif Ökmen

Öz

Although melatonin is primarily known to regulate sleep and circadian rhythms, recent research has explored its use during athletic training. Studies have examined how melatonin supplementation may influence athletic performance by focusing on its interaction with growth hormones (GH). GH is a key hormone in muscle development, fat metabolism, and recovery, making it a critical marker of athletic performance. Consequently, the relationship between melatonin supplementation and GH has attracted increasing interest among coaches, sports scientists, and health professionals.However, most studies investigating this relationship have been conducted in animals, with limited research involving human participants. However, the specific effects of melatonin supplementation on human GH levels remain unclear. This review aimed to systematically examine the existing literature on melatonin use during training and its potential impact on GH levels, providing directions for future research.The data for this study were collected through a systematic search of academic databases using relevant keywords. These results indicate that melatonin supplementation during training may increase, decrease, or have no significant effect on GH levels or athletic performance. Therefore, the findings remain inconclusive. Further research is necessary to clarify the effects of melatonin, considering individual variability. However, despite the inconsistency of findings, a synthesis of the evidence suggests that melatonin supplementation tends to offer more potential benefits than harms when used appropriately. These benefits are particularly related to improved recovery, sleep quality, and hormonal regulation all of which may indirectly support athletic performance.
In conclusion, while more human-based and controlled studies are needed, melatonin appears to be a conditionally effective supplement, especially in athletes with sleep disturbances or high oxidative stress.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Athletic performance Growth Hormone Hormone Melatonin Training

Kaynakça

  • Almendros-Ruiz, A., Lopez-Moro, A., Conde-Pipò, J., Santalla, A., Requena, B., & Mariscal-Arcas, M. (2023). The Effects of Melatonin Supplementation on Professional Football Player Performance: A Systematic Review. Nutrients, 15(20), 4467. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15204467
  • Atasoy, Ö. B., & Erbaş, O. (2017). Physiological effects of melatonin hormone. FNG & Science Medical Journal, 3(1), 52-62. https://doi.org/10.5606/fng.btd.2017.011
  • Atkinson, G., Jones, H., Edwards, B. J., & Waterhouse, J. M. (2005). Effects of daytime ingestion of melatonin on short-term athletic performance. Ergonomics, 48(11-14), 1512-1522. https://doi.org/10.1080/00140130500100967
  • Backeljauw, P., & Hwa, V. (2016). Growth hormone physiology. In Growth Hormone Deficiency: Physiology and Clinical Management (pp. 7-20). Cham: Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28038-7_2
  • Bidlingmaier, M., Wu, Z., & Strasburger, C. J. (2005). Measurement of Peptide Hormones. The Endocrine System in Sports and Exercise, 36-46. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470757826
  • Bidlingmaier, M., Strasburger, C.J. (2010). Growth Hormone. In: Thieme, D., Hemmersbach, P. (eds) Doping in Sports: Biochemical Principles, Effects and Analysis. (pp. 187-200). Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, vol 195. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-79088-4_8
  • Celorrio San Miguel, A. M., Roche, E., Herranz-López, M., Celorrio San Miguel, M., Mielgo-Ayuso, J., & Fernández-Lázaro, D. (2024). Impact of Melatonin Supplementation on Sports Performance and Circulating Biomarkers in Highly Trained Athletes: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials. Nutrients, 16(7), 1011. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16071011
  • Chennaoui, M., Leger, D., & Gomez-Merino, D. (2020). Sleep and the GH/IGF-1 axis: Consequences and countermeasures of sleep loss/disorders. Sleep Medicine Reviews, 49, 101223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smrv.2019.101223
  • Cho, J. H., Bhutani, S., Kim, C. H., & Irwin, M. R. (2021). Anti-inflammatory effects of melatonin: A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 93, 245-253. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2021.01.034
  • Cunha, L. A., Costa, J. A., Marques, E. A., Brito, J., Lastella, M., & Figueiredo, P. (2023). The impact of sleep interventions on athletic performance: a systematic review. Sports Medicine-Open, 9(1), 58. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40798-023-00599-z
  • Demirdeşen, A. (2023). Melatonin Nedir? Retrieved from https://berkayturkkan.com/melatonin-nedir (Accessed on 9 April 2024).
  • Drummond, F. R., Drummond, L. R., Campos, H. O., Fernandes, J. G. R. P., da Costa Monteiro, M., Lara, H. F. G., ... & Coimbra, C. C. (2024). Is melatonin as an ergogenic hormone a myth? a systematic review and meta-analysis. Endocrine, 83(2), 302-321. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12020-023-03498-1
  • Faria, V. S., Messias, L. H. D., Pejon, T. M. M., & Beck, W. R. (2024). Influence of Acute Melatonin Administration on Human Physical Performance: A Systematic Review. Sports Health, 16(1), 70-78. https://doi.org/10.1177/19417381231155142
  • Farjallah, M. A., Ghattassi, K., Ben Mahmoud, L., Graja, A., Boudaya, M., Elleuch, H., ... & Hammouda, O. (2020). Effect of nocturnal melatonin intake on cellular damage and recovery from repeated sprint performance during an intensive training schedule. Chronobiology International, 37(5), 686-698. https://doi.org/10.1080/07420528.2020.1746797 Farjallah, M., Graja, A., Mahmoud, L., Ghattassi, K., Boudaya, M., Driss, T., ... & Hammouda, O. (2022). Effects of melatonin ingestion on physical performance and biochemical responses following exhaustive running exercise in soccer players. Biology of Sport, 39(2), 473-479. https://doi.org/10.5114/biolsport.2022.106385
  • Fatemeh, G., Sajjad, M., Niloufar, R., Neda, S., Leila, S., & Khadijeh, M. (2022). Effect of melatonin supplementation on sleep quality: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Journal of Neurology, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-020-10381-w
  • Forsling, M. L., Wheeler, M. J., & Williams, A. J. (1999). The effect of melatonin administration on pituitary hormone secretion in man. Clinical Endocrinology, 51(5), 637-642. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2265.1999.00820.x
  • Foster, R. G. (2021). Melatonin. Current Biology, 31(22), R1456-R1458. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2021.10.029 Günay, M., Kara, E., & Cicioğlu, H. İ., (2006). Egzersiz ve Antrenmana Endokrinolojik Uyumlar. Ankara: Gazi Yayınevi.
  • Günhan, R. S. (2021). Melatonin and its importance. Biological Diversity and Conservation, 14(2), 342-350. https://doi.org/10.46309/biodicon.2021.974766
  • Hall, J. E. (2016). Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, Jordanian Edition E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences.
  • Imenshahidi, M., Karimi, G., & Hosseinzadeh, H. (2020). Effects of melatonin on cardiovascular risk factors and metabolic syndrome: a comprehensive review. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology, 393(4), 521-536. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00210-020-01822-4
  • Karasek, M., Stawerska, R., Smyczynska, J., & Lewinski, A. (2007). Increased melatonin concentrations in children with growth hormone deficiency. Journal of Pineal Research, 42(2), 119-124. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-079X.2006.00388.x
  • Kasuya, E., Kushibik, S., Sutoh, M., Saito, T., Ito, S., Yayou, K. I., ... & Hodate, K. (2006). Effect of melatonin injected into the third ventricle on growth hormone secretion in Holstein steers. Journal of Veterinary Medical Science, 68(10), 1075-1080. https://doi.org/10.1292/jvms.68.1075
  • Kaya, O. (2023). The Relation Between Melatonin and Exercise. Sino-US English Teaching, 20(5), 199-202. https://doi.org/10.17265/1539-8072/2023.05.007
  • Kim, T., & Cho, J. (2023). Melatonin as an Antioxidant Supplement in Athletes: A Literature Review of Current Evidence. Exercise Science, 32(4), 367-376. https://doi.org/10.15857/ksep.2023.00542
  • Koz. M., Akgül, M., Atıcı, E. (2016). The Effects of Exercise on the Hormone Secretion and Regulation. Turkiye Klinikleri J Physiother Rehabil Special Topics, 2(1), 48-56.
  • Kruk, J., Aboul-Enein, B. H., & Duchnik, E. (2021). Exercise-induced oxidative stress and melatonin supplementation: current evidence. The Journal of Physiological Sciences, 71(1), 27. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12576-021-00812-2
  • Kurtoğlu, S., Akın, M.A., Akın, L. (2013). The Effects of Growth Hormone on Metabolic Changes and Quality of Life. Turk J Pediatr Dis, 7(3), 156-161. https://doi.org/10.12956/tjpd.2013.3.13
  • Ma, W., Wu, H., Li, G., Yan, L., Wang, L., Zhao, M., ... & Liu, G. (2022). Melatonin promotes the growth and development of lambs by increasing growth hormone and testosterone, targeting on apoptosis signaling pathway and intestinal microflora. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 13, 966120. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2022.966120
  • Mahdi, N., Delleli, S., Jebabli, A., Ben Maaoui, K., Del Coso, J., Chtourou, H., ... & Ouergui, I. (2025). Melatonin Supplementation Enhances Next-Day High-Intensity Exercise Performance and Recovery in Trained Males: A Placebo-Controlled Crossover Study. Sports, 13(6), 190. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports13060190
  • Meeking, D. R., Wallace, J. D., Cuneo, R. C., Forsling, M., & Russell-Jones, D. L. (1999). Exercise-induced GH secretion is enhanced by the oral ingestion of melatonin in healthy adult male subjects. European Journal of Endocrinology, 141(1), 22-26. https://doi.org/10.1530/eje.0.1410022
  • Melmed, S. (2006). Acromegaly. N Engl J Med, 355(24), 2558-2573.
  • Mero, A. A., Vähälummukka, M., Hulmi, J. J., Kallio, P., & von Wright, A. (2006). Effects of resistance exercise session after oral ingestion of melatonin on physiological and performance responses of adult men. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 96, 729-739. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-005-0119-z
  • Morvaridzadeh, M., Sadeghi, E., Agah, S., Nachvak, S. M., Fazelian, S., Moradi, F., ... & Heshmati, J. (2020). Effect of melatonin supplementation on oxidative stress parameters: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Pharmacological Research, 161, 105210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105210
  • Nassar, E., Mulligan, C., Taylor, L., Kerksick, C., Galbreath, M., Greenwood, M., ... & Willoughby, D. S. (2007). Effects of a single dose of N-Acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine (Melatonin) and resistance exercise on the growth hormone/IGF-1 axis in young males and females. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 4(1), 14. https://doi.org/10.1186/1550-2783-4-14
  • Nobari, H., Azarian, S., Saedmocheshi, S., Valdés-Badilla, P., & Calvo, T. G. (2023). Narrative review: The role of circadian rhythm on sports performance, hormonal regulation, immune system function, and injury prevention in athletes. Heliyon. 9(2023), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19636
  • Öniz, M., Sarıtaş, N., & Şentürk, M. (2024). Effects of short-term high-intensity interval training on growth hormone, cortisol, and leptin levels. Journal of Men's Health, 20(2), 51-61. http://doi.org/10.22514/jomh.2023.124
  • Paditz, E. (2024). Melatonin bei Schlafstörungen im Kindes-und Jugendalter. Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde, 172(1), 44-51. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00112-023-01874-9
  • Paryab, N., Taheri, M., H’Mida, C., Irandoust, K., Mirmoezzi, M., Trabelsi, K., ... & Chtourou, H. (2021). Melatonin supplementation improves psychomotor and physical performance in collegiate student-athletes following a sleep deprivation night. Chronobiology International, 38(5), 753-761. https://doi.org/10.1080/07420528.2021.1889578
  • Pranoto, A., Rejeki, P. S., Miftahussurur, M., Yosika, G. F., Ihsan, M., Herawati, L., ... & Halim, S. (2024). Aerobic Exercise Increases Release of Growth Hormone in the Blood Circulation in Obese Women. Retos: Nuevas Tendencias en Educación Física, Deporte Y Recreación, (51), 726-731. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v51.99944
  • Rosenblum, Y., Weber, F. D., Rak, M., Zavecz, Z., Kunath, N., Breitenstein, B., ... & Dresler, M. (2024). Sustained polyphasic sleep restriction abolishes human growth hormone release. Sleep, 47(2), zsad321. https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.06.20.542775
  • Sabag, A., Chang, D., & Johnson, N. A. (2021). Growth hormone as a potential mediator of aerobic exercise-induced reductions in visceral adipose tissue. Frontiers in Physiology, 12(1), 1-5. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2021.623570
  • Sasaki, H., Morishima, T., Hasegawa, Y., et al. (2014). 4 weeks of high intensity interval training does not alter the exercise induced growth hormone response in sedentary men. J Springerplus, 3(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1186/2193-1801-3-336
  • Souissi, A., & Dergaa, I. (2021). An Overview of the Potential Effects of Melatonin Supplementation on Athletic Performance. Int J Sport Stud Hlth, 4(1), e121714. https://doi.org/10.5812/intjssh.121714
  • Stacchiotti, A., Favero, G., & Rodella, L. F. (2020). Impact of melatonin on skeletal muscle and exercise. Cells, 9(2), 288. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells9020288
  • Şahin, L., & Aşçıoğlu, M. (2013). Sleep and Regulation of Sleep. Journal of Health Sciences, 22(1), 93-98. Thomas, G. A., Kraemer, W. J., Comstock, B. A., Dunn-Lewis, C., Maresh, C. M., & Volek, J. S. (2013). Obesity, growth hormone and exercise. Sports Medicine, 43, 839-849. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-013-0064-7
  • Wahl, P., Zinner, C., Achtzehn, S., Bloch, W., Mester, J. (2010). Effect of high and low intensity exercise and metabolic acidosis on levels of GH, IGF-I, IGFBP-3 and cortisol. Growth Horm IGF Res, 20(5), 380-385. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ghir.2010.08.001
  • Weltman, A., Weltman, J.Y., Watson, Winfield, D.D., et al. (2008). Effects of continuous versus intermittent exercise, obesity, and gender on growth hormone secretion. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 93(12), 4711-4720. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2008-0998
  • Yıldırım, B. D., & Ersü, D. Ö. (2023). Sleep and Nutrition. Journal of Health Sciences Arel University, 7(1), 24-32.
  • Zeman, M., Buyse, J., Lamosova, D., Herichova, I., & Decuypere, E. (1999). Role of melatonin in the control of growth and growth hormone secretion in poultry. Domestic Animal Endocrinology, 17(2-3), 199-207. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0739-7240(99)00037-5
Toplam 49 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Egzersiz Fizyolojisi, Fiziksel Aktivite ve Sağlık
Bölüm Derlemeler
Yazarlar

Muhammed Öniz 0000-0002-1516-3449

Mehmet Şerif Ökmen 0000-0002-8636-3333

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 12 Ağustos 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 26 Ağustos 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 17 Mayıs 2025
Kabul Tarihi 23 Temmuz 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Öniz, M., & Ökmen, M. Ş. (2025). THE EFFECT OF MELATONİN SUPPLEMENTATİON İN TRAİNİNG ON ATHLETİC PERFORMANCE AND GROWTH HORMONE. Sivas Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 6(2), 32-44.
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