Sistematik Derlemeler ve Meta Analiz
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Sporcularda Güç Gelişimi ve Antrenman Prensipleri

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 3, 99 - 106, 31.12.2022

Selcen Korkmaz Eryılmaz

Öz

Spor bilimcilerin veya antrenörlerin önem verdiği konulardan bir tanesi, dinamik çok eklemli hareketlerde maksimal güç üretimini attıran etkili ve verimli antrenman programlarının geliştirilmesidir. Bu derleme maksimal güç üretiminin altında yatan faktörleri ve kas gücünü en etkili şekilde artıran antrenman programlarının geliştirilmesiyle ilgili bilimsel literatürü incelemektedir. Yüksek kas gücünü sergileyebilme yeteneği sprint, sıçrama, atma, atlama, vurma, yön değiştirme gibi fiziksel aktivitelerde sportif performansı belirleyen ana bileşenlerden birisidir. Kas gücünü artırmaya yönelik antrenman planlamasında kas kuvveti, kasılma hızı ve kuvvet geliştirme hızı olmak üzere üç temel unsurun geliştirilmesine dikkate edilmelidir. Sporcunun maksimal gücünün üst düzeyde olması için, hem kas kuvvetinin hem de kasılma hızının yüksek olması gerekir. Kuvvet geliştirme hızının yüksek olması ise, sporcunun daha kısa sürede daha yüksek kuvvet üretebileceği anlamına gelir. Kas gücünün geliştirilmesinde en etkili yöntem, yüksek ağırlıkla düşük hızda yapılan direnç egzersizleri ile hafif ağırlıklarla yüksek hızda yapılan pliyometrik, balistik veya patlayıcı direnç egzersizlerini içeren karma antrenman uygulamalarıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kuvvet geliştirme hızı Patlayıcı direnç egzersizleri kasılma hızı Kombine antrenman

Kaynakça

  • Aagaard, P., Simonsen, E. B., Andersen, J. L., Magnusson, P., & Dyhre-Poulsen, P. (2002). Increased rate of force development and neural drive of human skeletal muscle following resistance training. Journal of applied physiology, 93(4), 1318-1326.
  • Baker, D. (2001). Comparison of upper-body strength and power between professional and college-aged rugby league players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 15(1), 30-35.
  • Beckham, G., Mizuguchi, S., Carter, C., Sato, K., Ramsey, M., Lamont, H., Hornsby G., Haff G., & Stone, M. (2013). Relationships of isometric mid-thigh pull variables to weightlifting performance. J Sports Med Phys Fitness, 53(5), 573-581.
  • Chu, D. A., & Meyer, G. C. (2013). Plyometrics. Human kinetics.
  • Cormie P, McGuigan MR, Newton RU. (2011). Developing maximal neu romuscular power: Part 2—Training considerations for improving maximal power production. Sports Med, 41(2), 125-46.
  • Cormier, P, Freitas, TT, Rubio-Arias, J´A, and Alcaraz, PE. (2020). Complex and contrast training: Does strength and power training sequence affect performance-based adaptations in team sports? A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Strength Cond Res 34(5): 1461–1479.
  • Cornu, C., Silveira, M. I. A., & Goubel, F. (1997). Influence of plyometric training on the mechanical impedance of the human ankle joint. European journal of applied physiology and occupational physiology, 76(3), 282-288.
  • Deschenes, M. R., & Kraemer, W. J. (2002). Performance and physiologic adaptations to resistance training. American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, 81(11), 3-16.
  • de Villarreal, E. S. S., Kellis, E., Kraemer, W. J., & Izquierdo, M. (2009). Determining variables of plyometric training for improving vertical jump height performance: a meta-analysis. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 23(2), 495-506.
  • Docherty, D., & Hodgson, M. J. (2007). The application of postactivation potentiation to elite sport. International Journal of Sports Physiology & Performance, 2(4): 439–444.
  • Ebben, W. P. (2002). Complex training: A brief review. Journal of sports science & medicine, 1(2), 42.
  • Esformes, J. I., Keenan, M., Moody, J., & Bampouras, T. M. (2011). Effect of different types of conditioning contraction on upper body postactivation potentiation. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 25(1), 143-148.
  • Fathi, A., Hammami, R., Moran, J., Borji, R., Sahli, S., & Rebai, H. (2019). Effect of a 16-week combined strength and plyometric training program followed by a detraining period on athletic performance in pubertal volleyball players. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 33(8), 2117-2127.
  • Fleck, S. J., & Kraemer, W. (2014). Designing resistance training programs, 4E. Human Kinetics. Haff, G. G., & Nimphius, S. (2012). Training principles for power. Strength & Conditioning Journal, 34(6), 2-12.
  • Haff, G. G., Ruben, R. P., Lider, J., Twine, C., & Cormie, P. (2015). A comparison of methods for determining the rate of force development during isometric midthigh clean pulls. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 29(2), 386-395.
  • Kawamori, N., & Haff, G. G. (2004). The optimal training load for the development of muscular power. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 18(3), 675-684.
  • Komi, P. V., & Gollhofer, A. (1997). Stretch reflexes can have an important role in force enhancement during SSC exercise. Journal of applied biomechanics, 13(4), 451-460.
  • Kraemer, W. J., & Ratamess, N. A. (2004). Fundamentals of resistance training: progression and exercise prescription. Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 36(4), 674-688.
  • Kraemer, W. J., Ratamess, N. A., & French, D. N. (2002). Resistance training for health and performance. Current sports medicine reports, 1(3), 165-171.
  • Manolopoulos, E., Papadopoulos, C., & Kellis, E. (2006). Effects of combined strength and kick coordination training on soccer kick biomechanics in amateur players. Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports, 16(2), 102-110.
  • Markovic, G., & Mikulic, P. (2010). Neuro-musculoskeletal and performance adaptations to lower-extremity plyometric training. Sports medicine, 40(10), 859-895.
  • Marques, M. C., Saavedra, F. J., Abrantes, C., & Aidar, F. J. (2011). Associations between rate of force development metrics and throwing velocity in elite team handball players: a short research report. Journal of human kinetics, 29, 53–57.
  • McBride, J. M., Triplett-McBride, T., Davie, A., & Newton, R. U. (2002). The effect of heavy-vs. light-load jump squats on the development of strength, power, and speed. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 16(1), 75-82.
  • McLellan, C. P., Lovell, D. I., & Gass, G. C. (2011). The role of rate of force development on vertical jump performance. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 25(2), 379-385.
  • Mirkov, D. M., Nedeljkovic, A., Milanovic, S., & Jaric, S. (2004). Muscle strength testing: evaluation of tests of explosive force production. European journal of applied physiology, 91(2), 147-154.
  • Moss, B. M., Refsnes, P. E., Abildgaard, A., Nicolaysen, K., & Jensen, J. (1997). Effects of maximal effort strength training with different loads on dynamic strength, cross-sectional area, load-power and load-velocity relationships. European journal of applied physiology and occupational physiology, 75(3), 193-199.
  • Newton, R. U., Hakkinen, K., Hakkinen, A., McCormick, M., Volek, J., & Kraemer, W. J. (2002). Mixed-methods resistance training increases power and strength of young and older men. Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 34(8), 1367-1375.
  • Newton, R. U., & Kraemer, W. J. (1994). Developing explosive muscular power: Implications for a mixed methods training strategy. Strength & Conditioning Journal, 16(5), 20-31.
  • Newton, R. U., Kraemer, W. J., Häkkinen, K., Humphries, B. J., & Murphy, A. J. (1996). Kinematics, kinetics, and muscle activation during explosive upper body movements. Journal of applied biomechanics, 12(1), 31-43.
  • Newton, R. U., Murphy, A. J., Humphries, B. J., Wilson, G. J., Kraemer, W. J., & Häkkinen, K. (1997). Influence of load and stretch shortening cycle on the kinematics, kinetics and muscle activation that occurs during explosive upper-body movements. European journal of applied physiology and occupational physiology, 75(4), 333-342.
  • Nimphius, S., McGuigan, M. R., & Newton, R. U. (2010). Relationship between strength, power, speed, and change of direction performance of female softball players. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 24(4), 885-895.
  • Pääsuke, M., Saapar, L., Ereline, J., Gapeyeva, H., Requena, B., & Ööpik, V. (2007). Postactivation potentiation of knee extensor muscles in power-and endurance-trained, and untrained women. European journal of applied physiology, 101(5), 577-585.
  • Peñailillo, L., Blazevich, A., Numazawa, H., & Nosaka, K. (2015). Rate of force development as a measure of muscle damage. Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports, 25(3), 417-427.
  • Peng, H. T. (2011). Changes in biomechanical properties during drop jumps of incremental height. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 25(9), 2510-2518.
  • Seitz, L. B., & Haff, G. G. (2016). Factors modulating post-activation potentiation of jump, sprint, throw, and upper-body ballistic performances: A systematic review with meta-analysis. Sports medicine, 46(2), 231-240.
  • Siegel, J. A., Gilders, R. M., Staron, R. S., & Hagerman, F. C. (2002). Human muscle power output during upper-and lower-body exercises. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 16(2), 173-178.
  • Stone, M. H., Moir, G., Glaister, M., & Sanders, R. (2002). How much strength is necessary?. Physical Therapy in Sport, 3(2), 88-96.
  • Stone, M. H., Plisk, S. S., Stone, M. E., Schilling, B. K., O'Bryant, H. S., & Pierce, K. C. (1998). Athletic performance development: volume load - 1 set vs. multiple sets, training velocity and training variation. Strength & Conditioning Journal, 20(6), 22-31.
  • Taber, C., Bellon, C., Abbott, H., & Bingham, G. E. (2016). Roles of maximal strength and rate of force development in maximizing muscular power. Strength & Conditioning Journal, 38(1), 71-78.
  • Thorlund, J. B., Michalsik, L. B., Madsen, K., & Aagaard, P. (2008). Acute fatigue‐induced changes in muscle mechanical properties and neuromuscular activity in elite handball players following a handball match. Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports, 18(4), 462-472.
  • Tillin, N. A., & Bishop, D. (2009). Factors modulating post-activation potentiation and its effect on performance of subsequent explosive activities. Sports medicine, 39(2), 147-166
  • Toji, H., & Kaneko, M. (2004). Effect of multiple-load training on the force-velocity relationship. Journal of strength and conditioning research, 18(4), 792-795.
  • Rixon, K. P., Lamont, H. S., & Bemben, M. G. (2007). Influence of type of muscle contraction, gender, and lifting experience on postactivation potentiation performance. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 21(2), 500.
  • Rodríguez‐Rosell, D., Pareja‐Blanco, F., Aagaard, P., & González‐Badillo, J. J. (2018). Physiological and methodological aspects of rate of force development assessment in human skeletal muscle. Clinical physiology and functional imaging, 38(5), 743-762.
  • Wallace, B. J., Kernozek, T. W., White, J. M., Kline, D. E., Wright, G. A., Peng, H. T., & Huang, C. F. (2010). Quantification of vertical ground reaction forces of popular bilateral plyometric exercises. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 24(1), 207-212.
  • Weyand, P. G., Sandell, R. F., Prime, D. N., & Bundle, M. W. (2010). The biological limits to running speed are imposed from the ground up. Journal of applied physiology, 108(4), 950-961.
  • Wilson, J. M., & Flanagan, E. P. (2008). The role of elastic energy in activities with high force and power requirements: a brief review. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 22(5), 1705-1715.
  • Wilson, G. J., Newton, R. U., Murphy, A. J., & Humphries, B. J. (1993). The optimal training load for the development of dynamic athletic performance. Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 25(11), 1279-1286.
  • Winter, E. M., Abt, G., Brookes, F. C., Challis, J. H., Fowler, N. E., Knudson, D. V., ... & Yeadon, M. R. (2016). Misuse of “power” and other mechanical terms in sport and exercise science research. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 30(1), 292-300.
  • Young, W. B., & Bilby, G. E. (1993). The effect of voluntary effort to influence speed of contraction on strength, muscular power, and hypertrophy development. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 7(3), 172-8.

Power Development and Training Principles in Athletes

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 3, 99 - 106, 31.12.2022

Selcen Korkmaz Eryılmaz

Öz

One of the issues that sports scientists or coaches attach importance to is the development of effective and efficient training programs that increase maximal power production in dynamic multi-joint movements. This review examınes the factors underlying maximal power production and the scientific literature on the development of training programs taht most effectively enhance muscle power. The ability to exhibit high muscle power is one of the main components that determine the sportive performance in physical activities such as sprinting, jumping, throwing, hopping, hitting, changing direction. In training planning to increase muscle power, the development of muscle strength, contraction velocity and the rate of force development should be considered. In order for the athlete to have a high level of maximal power, both muscle strength and contraction velocity must be high. The high rate of force development means the athlete can produce higher force in a shorter time. The most effective method for developing muscle power is mixed resistance training, which includes resistance exercises performed with high load at low velocity and plyometric, ballistic or explosive resistance exercises performed with low load at high velocit.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Rate of force development explosive resistance exercises Contraction velocity Combined training

Kaynakça

  • Aagaard, P., Simonsen, E. B., Andersen, J. L., Magnusson, P., & Dyhre-Poulsen, P. (2002). Increased rate of force development and neural drive of human skeletal muscle following resistance training. Journal of applied physiology, 93(4), 1318-1326.
  • Baker, D. (2001). Comparison of upper-body strength and power between professional and college-aged rugby league players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 15(1), 30-35.
  • Beckham, G., Mizuguchi, S., Carter, C., Sato, K., Ramsey, M., Lamont, H., Hornsby G., Haff G., & Stone, M. (2013). Relationships of isometric mid-thigh pull variables to weightlifting performance. J Sports Med Phys Fitness, 53(5), 573-581.
  • Chu, D. A., & Meyer, G. C. (2013). Plyometrics. Human kinetics.
  • Cormie P, McGuigan MR, Newton RU. (2011). Developing maximal neu romuscular power: Part 2—Training considerations for improving maximal power production. Sports Med, 41(2), 125-46.
  • Cormier, P, Freitas, TT, Rubio-Arias, J´A, and Alcaraz, PE. (2020). Complex and contrast training: Does strength and power training sequence affect performance-based adaptations in team sports? A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Strength Cond Res 34(5): 1461–1479.
  • Cornu, C., Silveira, M. I. A., & Goubel, F. (1997). Influence of plyometric training on the mechanical impedance of the human ankle joint. European journal of applied physiology and occupational physiology, 76(3), 282-288.
  • Deschenes, M. R., & Kraemer, W. J. (2002). Performance and physiologic adaptations to resistance training. American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, 81(11), 3-16.
  • de Villarreal, E. S. S., Kellis, E., Kraemer, W. J., & Izquierdo, M. (2009). Determining variables of plyometric training for improving vertical jump height performance: a meta-analysis. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 23(2), 495-506.
  • Docherty, D., & Hodgson, M. J. (2007). The application of postactivation potentiation to elite sport. International Journal of Sports Physiology & Performance, 2(4): 439–444.
  • Ebben, W. P. (2002). Complex training: A brief review. Journal of sports science & medicine, 1(2), 42.
  • Esformes, J. I., Keenan, M., Moody, J., & Bampouras, T. M. (2011). Effect of different types of conditioning contraction on upper body postactivation potentiation. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 25(1), 143-148.
  • Fathi, A., Hammami, R., Moran, J., Borji, R., Sahli, S., & Rebai, H. (2019). Effect of a 16-week combined strength and plyometric training program followed by a detraining period on athletic performance in pubertal volleyball players. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 33(8), 2117-2127.
  • Fleck, S. J., & Kraemer, W. (2014). Designing resistance training programs, 4E. Human Kinetics. Haff, G. G., & Nimphius, S. (2012). Training principles for power. Strength & Conditioning Journal, 34(6), 2-12.
  • Haff, G. G., Ruben, R. P., Lider, J., Twine, C., & Cormie, P. (2015). A comparison of methods for determining the rate of force development during isometric midthigh clean pulls. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 29(2), 386-395.
  • Kawamori, N., & Haff, G. G. (2004). The optimal training load for the development of muscular power. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 18(3), 675-684.
  • Komi, P. V., & Gollhofer, A. (1997). Stretch reflexes can have an important role in force enhancement during SSC exercise. Journal of applied biomechanics, 13(4), 451-460.
  • Kraemer, W. J., & Ratamess, N. A. (2004). Fundamentals of resistance training: progression and exercise prescription. Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 36(4), 674-688.
  • Kraemer, W. J., Ratamess, N. A., & French, D. N. (2002). Resistance training for health and performance. Current sports medicine reports, 1(3), 165-171.
  • Manolopoulos, E., Papadopoulos, C., & Kellis, E. (2006). Effects of combined strength and kick coordination training on soccer kick biomechanics in amateur players. Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports, 16(2), 102-110.
  • Markovic, G., & Mikulic, P. (2010). Neuro-musculoskeletal and performance adaptations to lower-extremity plyometric training. Sports medicine, 40(10), 859-895.
  • Marques, M. C., Saavedra, F. J., Abrantes, C., & Aidar, F. J. (2011). Associations between rate of force development metrics and throwing velocity in elite team handball players: a short research report. Journal of human kinetics, 29, 53–57.
  • McBride, J. M., Triplett-McBride, T., Davie, A., & Newton, R. U. (2002). The effect of heavy-vs. light-load jump squats on the development of strength, power, and speed. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 16(1), 75-82.
  • McLellan, C. P., Lovell, D. I., & Gass, G. C. (2011). The role of rate of force development on vertical jump performance. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 25(2), 379-385.
  • Mirkov, D. M., Nedeljkovic, A., Milanovic, S., & Jaric, S. (2004). Muscle strength testing: evaluation of tests of explosive force production. European journal of applied physiology, 91(2), 147-154.
  • Moss, B. M., Refsnes, P. E., Abildgaard, A., Nicolaysen, K., & Jensen, J. (1997). Effects of maximal effort strength training with different loads on dynamic strength, cross-sectional area, load-power and load-velocity relationships. European journal of applied physiology and occupational physiology, 75(3), 193-199.
  • Newton, R. U., Hakkinen, K., Hakkinen, A., McCormick, M., Volek, J., & Kraemer, W. J. (2002). Mixed-methods resistance training increases power and strength of young and older men. Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 34(8), 1367-1375.
  • Newton, R. U., & Kraemer, W. J. (1994). Developing explosive muscular power: Implications for a mixed methods training strategy. Strength & Conditioning Journal, 16(5), 20-31.
  • Newton, R. U., Kraemer, W. J., Häkkinen, K., Humphries, B. J., & Murphy, A. J. (1996). Kinematics, kinetics, and muscle activation during explosive upper body movements. Journal of applied biomechanics, 12(1), 31-43.
  • Newton, R. U., Murphy, A. J., Humphries, B. J., Wilson, G. J., Kraemer, W. J., & Häkkinen, K. (1997). Influence of load and stretch shortening cycle on the kinematics, kinetics and muscle activation that occurs during explosive upper-body movements. European journal of applied physiology and occupational physiology, 75(4), 333-342.
  • Nimphius, S., McGuigan, M. R., & Newton, R. U. (2010). Relationship between strength, power, speed, and change of direction performance of female softball players. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 24(4), 885-895.
  • Pääsuke, M., Saapar, L., Ereline, J., Gapeyeva, H., Requena, B., & Ööpik, V. (2007). Postactivation potentiation of knee extensor muscles in power-and endurance-trained, and untrained women. European journal of applied physiology, 101(5), 577-585.
  • Peñailillo, L., Blazevich, A., Numazawa, H., & Nosaka, K. (2015). Rate of force development as a measure of muscle damage. Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports, 25(3), 417-427.
  • Peng, H. T. (2011). Changes in biomechanical properties during drop jumps of incremental height. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 25(9), 2510-2518.
  • Seitz, L. B., & Haff, G. G. (2016). Factors modulating post-activation potentiation of jump, sprint, throw, and upper-body ballistic performances: A systematic review with meta-analysis. Sports medicine, 46(2), 231-240.
  • Siegel, J. A., Gilders, R. M., Staron, R. S., & Hagerman, F. C. (2002). Human muscle power output during upper-and lower-body exercises. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 16(2), 173-178.
  • Stone, M. H., Moir, G., Glaister, M., & Sanders, R. (2002). How much strength is necessary?. Physical Therapy in Sport, 3(2), 88-96.
  • Stone, M. H., Plisk, S. S., Stone, M. E., Schilling, B. K., O'Bryant, H. S., & Pierce, K. C. (1998). Athletic performance development: volume load - 1 set vs. multiple sets, training velocity and training variation. Strength & Conditioning Journal, 20(6), 22-31.
  • Taber, C., Bellon, C., Abbott, H., & Bingham, G. E. (2016). Roles of maximal strength and rate of force development in maximizing muscular power. Strength & Conditioning Journal, 38(1), 71-78.
  • Thorlund, J. B., Michalsik, L. B., Madsen, K., & Aagaard, P. (2008). Acute fatigue‐induced changes in muscle mechanical properties and neuromuscular activity in elite handball players following a handball match. Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports, 18(4), 462-472.
  • Tillin, N. A., & Bishop, D. (2009). Factors modulating post-activation potentiation and its effect on performance of subsequent explosive activities. Sports medicine, 39(2), 147-166
  • Toji, H., & Kaneko, M. (2004). Effect of multiple-load training on the force-velocity relationship. Journal of strength and conditioning research, 18(4), 792-795.
  • Rixon, K. P., Lamont, H. S., & Bemben, M. G. (2007). Influence of type of muscle contraction, gender, and lifting experience on postactivation potentiation performance. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 21(2), 500.
  • Rodríguez‐Rosell, D., Pareja‐Blanco, F., Aagaard, P., & González‐Badillo, J. J. (2018). Physiological and methodological aspects of rate of force development assessment in human skeletal muscle. Clinical physiology and functional imaging, 38(5), 743-762.
  • Wallace, B. J., Kernozek, T. W., White, J. M., Kline, D. E., Wright, G. A., Peng, H. T., & Huang, C. F. (2010). Quantification of vertical ground reaction forces of popular bilateral plyometric exercises. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 24(1), 207-212.
  • Weyand, P. G., Sandell, R. F., Prime, D. N., & Bundle, M. W. (2010). The biological limits to running speed are imposed from the ground up. Journal of applied physiology, 108(4), 950-961.
  • Wilson, J. M., & Flanagan, E. P. (2008). The role of elastic energy in activities with high force and power requirements: a brief review. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 22(5), 1705-1715.
  • Wilson, G. J., Newton, R. U., Murphy, A. J., & Humphries, B. J. (1993). The optimal training load for the development of dynamic athletic performance. Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 25(11), 1279-1286.
  • Winter, E. M., Abt, G., Brookes, F. C., Challis, J. H., Fowler, N. E., Knudson, D. V., ... & Yeadon, M. R. (2016). Misuse of “power” and other mechanical terms in sport and exercise science research. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 30(1), 292-300.
  • Young, W. B., & Bilby, G. E. (1993). The effect of voluntary effort to influence speed of contraction on strength, muscular power, and hypertrophy development. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 7(3), 172-8.
Toplam 50 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Spor Hekimliği
Bölüm Derlemeler
Yazarlar

Selcen Korkmaz Eryılmaz 0000-0002-3680-3580

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi 15 Kasım 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022Cilt: 3 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Korkmaz Eryılmaz, S. (2022). Sporcularda Güç Gelişimi ve Antrenman Prensipleri. Sivas Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 3(3), 99-106.
 Kapak Resmi İndir