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EXPLORING THE REASONS FOR NOT PROLONGING GYM PARTICIPATION

Year 2024, Volume: 5 Issue: 3, 27 - 36, 31.12.2024

Jawaria Khalid , Syed Abdullah Shah

Abstract

This study explores the factors that contribute to the discontinuation or lack of prolonged participation in gym activities in Pakistan, emphasizing how these barriers affect individuals’ ability to maintain regular physical activity. The aim is to identify and understand the barriers faced by gym-goers by applying Self-Determination Theory (SDT), which emphasizes the role of autonomy, competence, and relatedness in sustaining motivation. Employing a qualitative research design, the study conducted semi-structured interviews with 21 participants who had engaged in gym activities for a period ranging from one to six months. Data was analyzed using a two-level coding method, including open and axial coding, to identify key themes. The findings revealed six primary barriers: economic constraints, cultural and social norms, lack of facilities, time limitations, temporary commitments, and lack of motivation or visible results. These barriers undermine participants’ intrinsic motivation by limiting their autonomy, competence, and sense of relatedness. The findings highlight significant implications for society and gym management, emphasizing the need to address these barriers through inclusive, affordable, and culturally sensitive gym environments. By fostering autonomy, competence, and relatedness, gyms can play a pivotal role in promoting long-term engagement in fitness activities, contributing to improved public health and well-being.

Keywords

Physical activity Motivation Physical activity Commitment Gym Participation Self-Determination Theory (SDT) Gym Constraints

References

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  • Awruk, K., & Janowski, K. (2016). Motivation for physical activity and mental health indicators in male gym attendees. Physical Culture and Sport. Studies and Research, 69(1), 65-73.
  • Azhar, N., Ahmer, Z., & Naqvi, U.-e.-R. (2022). The Frequency & Determinants of the Use of Nutritional Supplements and Hormones among Selected Gym Users in Karachi, Pakistan. Nurture, 16(1), 18-27. https://doi.org/10.55951/nurture.v16i1.105
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  • Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2012). Thematic analysis. American Psychological Association.
  • Brown, J., Washington, W. D., Stein, J. S., & Kaplan, B. A. (2022). The gym membership purchase task: Early evidence towards establishment of a novel hypothetical purchase task. The Psychological Record, 72(3), 371-381.
  • Bukhsh, A., Goh, B.-H., Zimbudzi, E., Lo, C., Zoungas, S., Chan, K.-G., & Khan, T. M. (2020). Type 2 diabetes patients' perspectives, experiences, and barriers toward diabetes-related self-care: a qualitative study from Pakistan. Frontiers in endocrinology, 11, 534873.
  • Burton, N. W., Barber, B. L., & Khan, A. (2021). A qualitative study of barriers and enablers of physical activity among female Emirati university students. International journal of environmental research and public health, 18(7), 3380.
  • Caudwell, K. M., & Keatley, D. A. (2016). The effect of men's body attitudes and motivation for gym attendance. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 30(9), 2550-2556.
  • Caz, Ç., Kayhan, R. F., Bardakçi, S., & Hasaan, A. (2021). Athletic identity and moral disengagement in doping. South African Journal for Research in Sport, Physical Education and Recreation, 43(2), 13-28.
  • Cheung, P. (2020). Teachers as role models for physical activity: Are preschool children more active when their teachers are active? European physical education review, 26(1), 101-110.
  • Corbin, J., & Strauss, A. (2008). Basics of Qualitative Research: Techniques and Procedures for Developing Grounded Theory Sage.
  • Fişne, M., & Hasaan, A. (2020). Branding a niche sports club. a case study of Sivas Kangels Rugby FC. Kinesiologia Slovenica, 26(3), 96-120.
  • Fişne, M., & Hasaan, A. (2021). Importance of impression management of referees: a qualitative study. RBFF-Revista Brasileira de Futsal e Futebol, 13(56), 671-682.
  • Hagger, M., Chatzisarantis, N. L., Hein, V., Soos, I., Karsai, I., Lintunen, T., & Leemans, S. (2009). Teacher, peer and parent autonomy support in physical education and leisure-time physical activity: A trans-contextual model of motivation in four nations. Psychology and Health, 24(6), 689-711.
  • Hall, F. C., & Noonan, R. J. (2023). A qualitative study of how and why gym-based resistance training may benefit women's mental health and wellbeing. Performance Enhancement & Health, 11(3), 100254.
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  • Khosravi, N., Bagheri, H., & Hasaan, A. (2024). Grounded theory approach: unveiling new insights into sports participation through event hosting in iran. PODIUM Sport, Leisure and Tourism Review, 13(2), 333-357.
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  • Kvale, S. (1996). InterViews: An Introduction to Qualitative Research Interviewing. Sage.
  • Li, C., Zayed, K., Muazzam, A., Li, M., Cheng, J., & Chen, A. (2015). Motives for Exercise in Undergraduate Muslim Women and Men in Oman and Pakistan Compared to the United States. Sex Roles, 72(1), 68-84. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-014-0435-z
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  • Manzoor, M., Khan, M. A., & Jabeen, A. (2019). Influence of sociocultural problems upon sports participation among college female athletes of district Sialkot. J. Phys. Educ. Res, 6(3), 18-23.
  • Marwat, N., Khan, M. A., Javed, A., Shah, M. I., & Habib Ullah, A. (2021). Perception of Spectators and Athletes About
  • Down-Swing of Sport in Pakistan. Linguistica Antverpiensia, 2020(3), 4721-4730.
  • McKenzie, G., Shields, N., & Willis, C. (2023). ‘Finding what works for me’–a qualitative study of factors influencing community gym participation for young adults with cerebral palsy. Disability and rehabilitation, 45(12), 1984-1991.
  • McLachlan, S., Keatley, D., Stiff, C., & Hagger, M. (2009). Shame: A self-determination theory perspective. In R. Jackson (Ed.), Psychology of Neuroticism and Shame (pp. 1-14).
  • Mieziene, B., Emeljanovas, A., Putriute, V., & Novak, D. (2021). The direct and indirect relationships within the extended trans-contextual model for moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. Frontiers in Pediatrics, 9, 666040.
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SPOR SALONUNA DEVAM ETMEME NEDENLERİNİN KEŞFİ

Year 2024, Volume: 5 Issue: 3, 27 - 36, 31.12.2024

Jawaria Khalid , Syed Abdullah Shah

Abstract

Bu çalışma, Pakistan'da spor salonu faaliyetlerine katılımın kesilmesine veya uzun süreli olmamasına katkıda bulunan faktörleri araştırmakta ve bu engellerin bireylerin düzenli fiziksel aktiviteyi sürdürme becerilerini nasıl etkilediğini vurgulamaktadır. Amaç, motivasyonun sürdürülmesinde özerklik, yeterlilik ve ilişkiselliğin rolünü vurgulayan Öz Belirleme Teorisi'ni (SDT) uygulayarak spor salonu müdavimlerinin karşılaştığı engelleri tespit etmek ve anlamaktır. Nitel bir araştırma tasarımının kullanıldığı çalışmada, bir ila altı ay arasında değişen bir süre boyunca spor salonu faaliyetlerine katılan 21 katılımcı ile yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmeler yapılmıştır. Veriler, ana temaları belirlemek için açık ve eksenel kodlamayı içeren iki seviyeli bir kodlama yöntemi kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Bulgular altı temel engeli ortaya çıkarmıştır: ekonomik kısıtlamalar, kültürel ve sosyal normlar, tesis eksikliği, zaman sınırlamaları, geçici taahhütler ve motivasyon veya görünür sonuç eksikliği. Bu engeller, katılımcıların özerkliklerini, yetkinliklerini ve bağlılık duygularını sınırlandırarak içsel motivasyonlarını zayıflatmaktadır. Bulgular, toplum ve spor salonu yönetimi için önemli çıkarımların altını çizmekte ve bu engellerin kapsayıcı, uygun fiyatlı ve kültürel açıdan hassas spor salonu ortamları aracılığıyla ele alınması gerektiğini vurgulamaktadır. Spor salonları özerkliği, yetkinliği ve ilişkiselliği teşvik ederek, fitness faaliyetlerine uzun vadeli katılımı teşvik etmede önemli bir rol oynayabilir ve halk sağlığı ve refahının iyileştirilmesine katkıda bulunabilir.

Keywords

Spor Salonu Katılımı Spor Salonu Engelleri Fiziksel Aktivite Motivasyonu Fiziksel Aktivite Bağlılığı

References

  • Addolorato, S., & Gimeno, N. H. (2025). An analysis of active consumer behavior in a fitness boutique: satisfaction levels, perceived quality dimensions, and dropout reasons. Retos: nuevas tendencias en educación física, deporte y recreación(62), 362-373.
  • Awruk, K., & Janowski, K. (2016). Motivation for physical activity and mental health indicators in male gym attendees. Physical Culture and Sport. Studies and Research, 69(1), 65-73.
  • Azhar, N., Ahmer, Z., & Naqvi, U.-e.-R. (2022). The Frequency & Determinants of the Use of Nutritional Supplements and Hormones among Selected Gym Users in Karachi, Pakistan. Nurture, 16(1), 18-27. https://doi.org/10.55951/nurture.v16i1.105
  • Beddoe, A., Hings, R., & Kerner, C. (2024). “It’s like feeling everyone will be looking at you, but in reality, no one cares.” A qualitative visual methods study exploring adolescent males’ relatedness in physical activity. Psychology of Men & Masculinities.
  • Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2012). Thematic analysis. American Psychological Association.
  • Brown, J., Washington, W. D., Stein, J. S., & Kaplan, B. A. (2022). The gym membership purchase task: Early evidence towards establishment of a novel hypothetical purchase task. The Psychological Record, 72(3), 371-381.
  • Bukhsh, A., Goh, B.-H., Zimbudzi, E., Lo, C., Zoungas, S., Chan, K.-G., & Khan, T. M. (2020). Type 2 diabetes patients' perspectives, experiences, and barriers toward diabetes-related self-care: a qualitative study from Pakistan. Frontiers in endocrinology, 11, 534873.
  • Burton, N. W., Barber, B. L., & Khan, A. (2021). A qualitative study of barriers and enablers of physical activity among female Emirati university students. International journal of environmental research and public health, 18(7), 3380.
  • Caudwell, K. M., & Keatley, D. A. (2016). The effect of men's body attitudes and motivation for gym attendance. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 30(9), 2550-2556.
  • Caz, Ç., Kayhan, R. F., Bardakçi, S., & Hasaan, A. (2021). Athletic identity and moral disengagement in doping. South African Journal for Research in Sport, Physical Education and Recreation, 43(2), 13-28.
  • Cheung, P. (2020). Teachers as role models for physical activity: Are preschool children more active when their teachers are active? European physical education review, 26(1), 101-110.
  • Corbin, J., & Strauss, A. (2008). Basics of Qualitative Research: Techniques and Procedures for Developing Grounded Theory Sage.
  • Fişne, M., & Hasaan, A. (2020). Branding a niche sports club. a case study of Sivas Kangels Rugby FC. Kinesiologia Slovenica, 26(3), 96-120.
  • Fişne, M., & Hasaan, A. (2021). Importance of impression management of referees: a qualitative study. RBFF-Revista Brasileira de Futsal e Futebol, 13(56), 671-682.
  • Hagger, M., Chatzisarantis, N. L., Hein, V., Soos, I., Karsai, I., Lintunen, T., & Leemans, S. (2009). Teacher, peer and parent autonomy support in physical education and leisure-time physical activity: A trans-contextual model of motivation in four nations. Psychology and Health, 24(6), 689-711.
  • Hall, F. C., & Noonan, R. J. (2023). A qualitative study of how and why gym-based resistance training may benefit women's mental health and wellbeing. Performance Enhancement & Health, 11(3), 100254.
  • Hasaan, A. (2021). Changeable loyalties in cricket? A longitudinal qualitative study of Pakistan Super League fans. SPORT TK: Revista Euroamericana de Ciencias del Deporte, 10(1), 7-16.
  • Hasaan, A., & Fişne, M. (2021). Understanding the dimensions of athlete brand authenticity. Pensar en Movimiento: Revista de ciencias del ejercicio y la salud, 19(2), 1-26.
  • Hasaan, A., Fisne, M., & Akgul, K. (2024). Strategies for Olympian Athletes: Engaging Fans During the Four-Year Interim Period. Bulletin of the Transilvania University of Braşov. Series IX: Sciences of Human Kinetics, 17(66)(1), 11-20.
  • Hasaan, A., Nawaz, S., Iqbal, S. J., & Khalid, J. (2018). Challenges that make/break the athlete’s quest to become an entrepreneur: A qualitative study about fans’ perceptions. Physical Culture and Sport. Studies and Research, 79(1), 53-61.
  • Healy, L. C., Benkwitz, A., McVinnie, Z., Sarkar, M., Islin, M., Brinded, A., Dodge, B., Opacic, S., Swithenbank, Z., & Ranasinghe, S. (2023). Embedding physical activity into community-based peer support groups for those severely affected by mental illness. International journal of environmental research and public health, 20(3), 2291.
  • Jabeen, I., Zuberi, R., & Nanji, K. (2018). Physical activity levels and their correlates among secondary school adolescents in a township of Karachi, Pakistan. cardiovascular diseases, 2(5), 737-743.
  • Jeffery, R. W., Wing, R. R., Sherwood, N. E., & Tate, D. F. (2003). Physical activity and weight loss: does prescribing higher physical activity goals improve outcome?12. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 78(4), 684-689. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/78.4.684
  • Jepson, R., Harris, F. M., Bowes, A., Robertson, R., Avan, G., & Sheikh, A. (2012). Physical Activity in South Asians: An In-Depth Qualitative Study to Explore Motivations and Facilitators. PLoS One, 7(10), e45333. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0045333
  • Khalid, J., & Hasaan, A. (2024). Navigating Perinatal Loss: Societal & Psychological Challenges Faced by Female Athletes in Pakistan. German Journal of Exercise and Sport Research. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12662-024-01000-1
  • Khosravi, N., Bagheri, H., & Hasaan, A. (2024). Grounded theory approach: unveiling new insights into sports participation through event hosting in iran. PODIUM Sport, Leisure and Tourism Review, 13(2), 333-357.
  • Kundi, A. (2018, 3 May 2018). Pakistan currently has largest percentage of young people in its history: report. DAWN. https://www.dawn.com/news/1405197
  • Kvale, S. (1996). InterViews: An Introduction to Qualitative Research Interviewing. Sage.
  • Li, C., Zayed, K., Muazzam, A., Li, M., Cheng, J., & Chen, A. (2015). Motives for Exercise in Undergraduate Muslim Women and Men in Oman and Pakistan Compared to the United States. Sex Roles, 72(1), 68-84. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-014-0435-z
  • Lincoln, Y., & Guba, E. (1985). Naturalistic Inquiry. Sage.
  • Manzoor, M., Khan, M. A., & Jabeen, A. (2019). Influence of sociocultural problems upon sports participation among college female athletes of district Sialkot. J. Phys. Educ. Res, 6(3), 18-23.
  • Marwat, N., Khan, M. A., Javed, A., Shah, M. I., & Habib Ullah, A. (2021). Perception of Spectators and Athletes About
  • Down-Swing of Sport in Pakistan. Linguistica Antverpiensia, 2020(3), 4721-4730.
  • McKenzie, G., Shields, N., & Willis, C. (2023). ‘Finding what works for me’–a qualitative study of factors influencing community gym participation for young adults with cerebral palsy. Disability and rehabilitation, 45(12), 1984-1991.
  • McLachlan, S., Keatley, D., Stiff, C., & Hagger, M. (2009). Shame: A self-determination theory perspective. In R. Jackson (Ed.), Psychology of Neuroticism and Shame (pp. 1-14).
  • Mieziene, B., Emeljanovas, A., Putriute, V., & Novak, D. (2021). The direct and indirect relationships within the extended trans-contextual model for moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. Frontiers in Pediatrics, 9, 666040.
  • Morales-Sánchez, V., Hernández-Martos, J., Reigal, R. E., Morillo-Baro, J. P., Caballero-Cerbán, M., & Hernández-Mendo, A. (2021). Physical self-concept and motor self-efficacy are related to satisfaction/enjoyment and boredom in physical education classes. Sustainability, 13(16), 8829.
  • Narula, R., Kumar, V., Vashishtha, S., & Airan, A. (2023). Health Benefit of Yoga and Gym: A Review. Advancement of Computer Technology and its Applications, 7(2), 5-15.
  • Nasir, A. (2020). Men Without Shirts: Bollywood, Bodybuilding and Masculinities in Pakistan [Üstsüz Erkekler: Pakistan’da Bollywood, Vücut Geliştirme ve Erkeklikler]. Masculinities: A Journal of Identity and Culture(14), 35-60. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/mjic/issue/60133/871047
  • Pashaie, S., Mohammadi, S., & Golmohammadi, H. (2024). Unlocking athlete potential: The evolution of coaching strategies through artificial intelligence. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology, 17543371241300889.
  • Patton, M. Q. (2014). Qualitative research & evaluation methods: Integrating theory and practice. Sage publications.
  • Petersen, T. L., Møller, L. B., Brønd, J. C., Jepsen, R., & Grøntved, A. (2020). Association between parent and child physical activity: a systematic review. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 17, 1-16.
  • Ragelienė, T., & Grønhøj, A. (2020). The influence of peers′ and siblings′ on children’s and adolescents′ healthy eating behavior. A systematic literature review. Appetite, 148, 104592.
  • Rapport, F., Hutchings, H., Doel, M. A., Wells, B., Clement, C., Mellalieu, S., Shubin, S., Brown, D., Seah, R., & Wright, S. (2018). How are university gyms used by staff and students? A mixed-method study exploring gym use, motivation, and communication in three UK gyms. Societies, 8(1), 15.
  • Ruano, J., & Teixeira, V. H. (2020). Prevalence of dietary supplement use by gym members in Portugal and associated factors. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 17(1), 11.
  • Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American psychologist, 55(1), 68.
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There are 62 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Physical Training and Sports
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Jawaria Khalid 0009-0009-0928-6184

Syed Abdullah Shah 0009-0001-9666-130X

Early Pub Date December 31, 2024
Publication Date December 31, 2024
Submission Date August 25, 2024
Acceptance Date December 26, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024Volume: 5 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Khalid, J., & Shah, S. A. (2024). EXPLORING THE REASONS FOR NOT PROLONGING GYM PARTICIPATION. Sivas Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 5(3), 27-36.
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