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ÖRGÜTSEL MİSİLLEME ÖLÇEĞİ: GEÇERLİK GÜVENİRLİK ÇALIŞMASI

Year 2020, Volume: 1 Issue: 2, 74 - 88, 30.08.2020

Zülbiye Kaçay

Abstract

Sahip olduğu potansiyeli ortaya çıkararak sergilediği performans ile örgütlerin belirlenen hedeflere ulaşmasında katkı sağlayan en temel etmen işgörenlerdir. Dolayısıyla işgörenlerin çalıştığı örgütle özdeşleşerek sahip olduğu bilgi, deneyim, yetenek ve motivasyon düzeyini örgüt amaçlarına ulaşmak ve rekabet avantajı sağlamak için kullanması önem arz etmektedir. Ancak kimi zaman örgütsel faktörler çalışanların adaletsizlik algılamasına ve örgüte olumsuz etki edecek davranışlar sergilenmesine neden olmaktadır. Bu kapsamda çalışanların böyle bir durumda sergileyebileceği olumsuz davranışların ya da bu davranışları yapma ihtimallerinin belirlenmesi, örgütlerin gerekli önlemleri alması açısından yol gösterici olacaktır. Bu bağlamda çalışanların adaletsiz durumlar karşısında verebileceği karşılıkların belirlenmesi amacıyla Skarlicki ve Folger, (1997) tarafından örgütsel misilleme davranışını ölçmeye yönelik olarak hazırlanan davranışsal gözlem ölçeğinin Türkçe’ye uyarlanması, geçerlilik ve güvenilirliğinin test edilmesi amacıyla bu araştırma gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ampirik araştırma niteliğinde olan bu araştırmada veriler, olasılığa dayalı olmayan örnekleme yöntemlerinden kolayda örnekleme yöntemine göre belirlenmiş, 190 kadın (%38.0) ve 309 erkek (%62.0) olmak üzere toplam 499 çalışan bireyden anket tekniği aracılığı ile toplanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde tanımlayıcı istatistikler, açıklayıcı ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizlerinden yararlanılmıştır. Analizler sonrasında Örgütsel Misilleme Davranışı Ölçeği’nin 11 madde ve İş Süreci (1,2,3,4), Sözel Karşılık (5,6,7,8) ve Eylemsizlik (9,10,11) olmak üzere 3 faktörlü bir yapıda olduğu doğrulanmıştır. Ölçek 5’li likert olarak tasarlanmış olup 1 (Hiç Katılmıyorum) ile 5 (Tamamen Katılıyorum) arasında puanlanmaktadır. Sonuç olarak Örgütsel Misilleme Davranışı Ölçeği’nin bu formuyla Türkiye örnekleminde farklı yöntem ve uygulamalarda personelin örgütsel misilleme davranışlarının belirlenmesinde kullanılabilir nitelikte geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçüm aracı olduğu ifade edilebilir.

Keywords

ÖRGÜT MİSİLLEME ÖRGÜTSEL DAVRANIŞ SPOR ÖRGÜTÜ UYARLAMA

References

  • Akgül A., Çevik O. (2005). İstatiksel analiz teknikleri, SPSS’te işletme yönetimi uygulamaları. Emek Ofset. Ankara.
  • Akkaya, B., (2019). İlkokullardaki Öğretmenlerin Üretkenlik Karşiti İş Davranişinin Örgütsel Vatandaşlik Ve Örgütsel Adalet İle İlişkisi. Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Eğitim Yönetimi Ve Politikasi Anabilim Dali Eğitim Yönetimi Ve Teftişi Programi. Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi.
  • Barksdale, K. ve Werner, J. M. (2001). Managerial ratings of in-role behaviors, organizational citizenship behaviors, and overall performance: Testing different models of their relationship. Journal of Business Research, 51(2), 145-155.
  • Bayram N. (2004). Sosyal bilimlerde SPSS ile veri analizi. Ezgi Kitapevi. Bursa.
  • Bennett, R. J. ve Robinson, S. L. (2000). Development of a measure of workplace deviance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 85(3), 349-360.
  • Bies, R. J., Tripp, T. M. ve Kramer, R. M. (1997). At the breaking point: Cognitive and social dynamics of revenge in organizations. In R. A. Giacalone ve J. Greenberg (Eds.), Antisocial behavior in organizations. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publication.
  • Çokluk Ö., Şekercioğlu G., Büyüköztürk Ş. (2010). Sosyal bilimler için çok değişkenli istatistik. Pagem Akademi. Ankara.
  • Dalal, R. S. (2005). A meta-analysis of the relationship between organizational citizenship behavior and counterproductive work behavior. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90(6), 1241-1255
  • Demir, M., Ayas, S. ve Harman, A. (2018). Üretim Karşıtı İş davranışları üzerinde örgütsel adalet algısının rolü: Banka çalışanları örneği. International Journal of Academic Value Studies, 4(19), 435-448.
  • Dunlop, P. D. ve Lee, K. (2004). Workplace deviance, organizational citizenship behavior, and business unit performance: The bad apples do spoil the whole barrel. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 25, 67-80.
  • Fox, S., Spector, P. E. ve Miles, D. (2001). Counterproductive work behavior (CWB) in response to job stressors and organizational justice: Some mediator and moderator tests for autonomy and emotions. Journal of vocational behavior, 59, 291-309.
  • Greco, Lindsey M., Jennifer A. Whitson, Ernest H. O’Boyle, Cynthia S. Wang, and Joongseo Kim. 2019. "An Eye for an Eye? A Meta-Analysis of Negative Reciprocity in Organizations." Journal of Applied Psychology.
  • Greenberg, J. (1993). Stealing in the name of justice: Informational and interpersonal moderators of theft reactions to underpayment inequity. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 54(1), 81 103. https://doi.org/10.1006/obhd.1993.1004
  • Gürbüz, S., & Şahin, F. (2014). Sosyal bilimlerde araştırma yöntemleri. Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık, (s 271).
  • International Test Commission (ITN). (2018). Guidelines for translating and adapting tests. International Journal of Testing, 18(2), 101–134. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15305058. 2017.1398166.
  • J. Duan and J. Zhong, "Leadership Justice and Negative Organizational Behaviors: Mediated by Affective Commitment," 2010 International Conference on Management and Service Science, Wuhan, 2010, pp. 1-16, DOI: 10.1109/ICMSS.2010.5577429.2123755750
  • Kaçay, Z. ve Soyer, F. (2020). İş Yeri Yılmazlığının Yordayıcıları Örgütsel Güven, Lider-Üye Etkileşimi ve İş Yeri Maneviyatı. Lap Lambert Academic Publishing (2020-05-21).
  • Kaçay, Z., Damar, A., Yüksek, M., Soyer, F. (2018). Spor Örgütü Çalışanlarında Örgütsel Güven Algısının İşyeri Yılmazlığı Üzerine Etkisi. ERPA International Congresses on Education 2018, İstanbul. ISBN: 978-605-83418-5-2
  • Kelly, E. D. (2015). Examining the counterproductive work behavior process: Momentary relationships among personality, affect, & situational strength. (Unpublished master's thesis). Georgia Institute of Technology School of Psychology.
  • Kemmerer, K., Cruz, J.C., Adams, B. and Breckon, D. (2020). Which cultural interventions most effectively reduce retaliatory behavior within organizations. Muma Business Review 4(10). 107-118. https://doi.org/10.28945/4585.
  • Khattak, M.N., Zolin, R. and Muhammad, N. (2020), "The combined effect of perceived organizational injustice and perceived politics on deviant behaviors", International Journal of Conflict Management, Vol. ahead-of-print No. ahead-of-print. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCMA-12-2019-0220
  • Kılıç, S. (2013). Algılanan örgütsel etik iklim ile üretkenlik karşıtı iş davranışları arasındaki ilişkiler. (Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi). Niğde Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Niğde.
  • Lau, V. C., Au, W. T. ve Ho, J. M. (2003). A qualitative and quantitative review of the antecedents of counterproductive behavior in organizations. Journal of Business and Psychology, 18(1), 73-99.
  • Miles, D. E., Borman, W. E., Spector, P. E. ve Fox, S. (2002). Building an integrative model of extra-role work behaviors: A comparison of counterproductive work behavior with organizational citizenship behavior. International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 10(1‐2), 51-57.
  • Mount, M., Ilies, R. ve Johnson, E. (2006). Relationship of personality traits and counterproductive work behaviors: The mediating effects of job satisfaction. Personnel Psychology, 59(3), 591-622.
  • Neuman, J. H. ve Baron, R. A. (2005). Aggression in the workplace: A social-psychological perspective. In S. Fox ve P. E. Spector (Eds.), Counterproductive work behavior: Investigations of actors and targets (pp. 13-40). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
  • Penney, L. (2007). Organizational retaliatory behavior. In S. G. Rogelberg (Ed.), Encyclopedia of industrial and organizational psychology (Vol. 1, pp. 577-579). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc. doi: 10.4135/9781412952651.n221
  • Robinson, S. L. ve Bennett, R. J. (1995). A typology of deviant workplace behaviors: A multidimensional scaling study. Academy of management journal, 38(2), 555-572.
  • Samnani, A. & Singh, P. (2012). 20 years of workplace bullying research: A review of the antecedents and consequences of bullying in the workplace. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 17, 581-589. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.10.16/j.avb.2012.08.004
  • Skarlicki, P. D., & Folger, R. (1997). Retaliation in the Workplace: The Roles of Distributive, Procedural and Interactional Justice. Journal of Applied Psychology, 82 (3), 434-443.
  • Spector, P. E. ve Fox, S. (2002). An emotion-centered model of voluntary work behavior some parallels between counterproductive work behavior and organizational citizenship behavior. Human Resource Management Review, 12, 1-24.
  • Spector, P. E., Fox, S. ve Domagalski, T. (2006). Emotions, violence and counterproductive work behavior. In E. K. Kelloway, J. Barling ve J. Hurrell (Eds.), Handbook of workplace violence (pp. 29-46). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publication.
  • Şencan H. (2005). Sosyal ve davranışsal ölçümlerde güvenilirlik ve geçerlilik. Seçkin Yayıncılık. Ankara
  • Tavşancıl E. (2006). Tutumların ölçülmesi ve SPSS ile veri analizi. 3. Baskı. Nobel Yayınları. Ankara
  • Townsend, J., Phillips, J. S., & Elkins, T. J. (2000). Employee retaliation: The neglected consequence of poor leader-member exchange relations. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 5(4), 457–463.
  • URL1: https://www.eeoc.gov/retaliation-making-it-personal (Erişim: 28.09.2020).
  • URL2: http://psychology.iresearchnet.com/industrial-organizational psychology/ organizational-behavior/organizational-retaliatory-behavior/. (Erişim: 25.09.2020).
  • Van Dyne, L., Cummings, L. L. ve Parks, J. M. (1995). Extra-role behaviors: In pursuit of construct and definitional clarity (a bridge over muddied waters). Research in Organizational Behavior: An Annual Series of Analytical Essays and Critical Reviews, 17, 215-285
  • Verona, E., Reed, A., Curtin, J. J. ve Pole, M. (2007). Gender differences in emotional and overt/covert aggressive responses to stress. Aggressive Behavior: Official Journal of the International Society for Research on Aggression, 33(3), 261-271.

THE VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY STUDY OF ORGANIZATIONAL RETALIATORY BHAVIOR SCALE

Year 2020, Volume: 1 Issue: 2, 74 - 88, 30.08.2020

Zülbiye Kaçay

Abstract

The most basic factor that helps organizations achieve their goals with their performance by revealing the value they have is the employees. For this reason, it is important that employees identify with the organization they work for and use their knowledge, experience, ability and motivation level to achieve organizational goals and gain a competitive advantage. However, sometimes organizational factors cause employees to perceive injustice and exhibit behaviors that will negatively affect the organization. Determining the negative behaviors that these employees may exhibit in such a situation, or the possibility of doing these behaviors will be instructive for organizations to take possible measures. In this context, in order to determine the responses that employees can give in the face of unfair situations, this research was carried out by adopting the behavioral observation scale, which was prepared by Skarlicki and Folger, (1997) to measure the behavior of organizational retaliation, into Turkish and test its validity and reliability. In this study, which is empirical research, the data were collected using a questionnaire tool from a total of 499 employees, 190 female (38.0%) and 309 male (62.0%), using the convenience sampling method, one of the non-probabilistic sampling methods. Descriptive statistics, explanatory, and confirmatory factor analyzes were used in the analysis of the data. After the analysis, it was seen that the Organizational Retaliatory Behavior Scale has 11 items and 3 sub-dimensions, namely Work Process (1,2,3,4), Verbal Correspondence (5,6,7,8) and Inertia (9,10,11). The scale is estimated as a 5-point Likert and is graded between 1 (Never Agree) and 5 (Strongly Agree). As a result, it can be stated that the Organizational Retaliatory Behavior Scale is a sufficient and reliable measurement tool used to determine the organizational retaliatory behaviors of the employee in Turkey samples of the different methods and practices.

Keywords

organization retaliation organizational behavior sports employee adaptation study

References

  • Akgül A., Çevik O. (2005). İstatiksel analiz teknikleri, SPSS’te işletme yönetimi uygulamaları. Emek Ofset. Ankara.
  • Akkaya, B., (2019). İlkokullardaki Öğretmenlerin Üretkenlik Karşiti İş Davranişinin Örgütsel Vatandaşlik Ve Örgütsel Adalet İle İlişkisi. Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Eğitim Yönetimi Ve Politikasi Anabilim Dali Eğitim Yönetimi Ve Teftişi Programi. Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi.
  • Barksdale, K. ve Werner, J. M. (2001). Managerial ratings of in-role behaviors, organizational citizenship behaviors, and overall performance: Testing different models of their relationship. Journal of Business Research, 51(2), 145-155.
  • Bayram N. (2004). Sosyal bilimlerde SPSS ile veri analizi. Ezgi Kitapevi. Bursa.
  • Bennett, R. J. ve Robinson, S. L. (2000). Development of a measure of workplace deviance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 85(3), 349-360.
  • Bies, R. J., Tripp, T. M. ve Kramer, R. M. (1997). At the breaking point: Cognitive and social dynamics of revenge in organizations. In R. A. Giacalone ve J. Greenberg (Eds.), Antisocial behavior in organizations. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publication.
  • Çokluk Ö., Şekercioğlu G., Büyüköztürk Ş. (2010). Sosyal bilimler için çok değişkenli istatistik. Pagem Akademi. Ankara.
  • Dalal, R. S. (2005). A meta-analysis of the relationship between organizational citizenship behavior and counterproductive work behavior. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90(6), 1241-1255
  • Demir, M., Ayas, S. ve Harman, A. (2018). Üretim Karşıtı İş davranışları üzerinde örgütsel adalet algısının rolü: Banka çalışanları örneği. International Journal of Academic Value Studies, 4(19), 435-448.
  • Dunlop, P. D. ve Lee, K. (2004). Workplace deviance, organizational citizenship behavior, and business unit performance: The bad apples do spoil the whole barrel. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 25, 67-80.
  • Fox, S., Spector, P. E. ve Miles, D. (2001). Counterproductive work behavior (CWB) in response to job stressors and organizational justice: Some mediator and moderator tests for autonomy and emotions. Journal of vocational behavior, 59, 291-309.
  • Greco, Lindsey M., Jennifer A. Whitson, Ernest H. O’Boyle, Cynthia S. Wang, and Joongseo Kim. 2019. "An Eye for an Eye? A Meta-Analysis of Negative Reciprocity in Organizations." Journal of Applied Psychology.
  • Greenberg, J. (1993). Stealing in the name of justice: Informational and interpersonal moderators of theft reactions to underpayment inequity. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 54(1), 81 103. https://doi.org/10.1006/obhd.1993.1004
  • Gürbüz, S., & Şahin, F. (2014). Sosyal bilimlerde araştırma yöntemleri. Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık, (s 271).
  • International Test Commission (ITN). (2018). Guidelines for translating and adapting tests. International Journal of Testing, 18(2), 101–134. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15305058. 2017.1398166.
  • J. Duan and J. Zhong, "Leadership Justice and Negative Organizational Behaviors: Mediated by Affective Commitment," 2010 International Conference on Management and Service Science, Wuhan, 2010, pp. 1-16, DOI: 10.1109/ICMSS.2010.5577429.2123755750
  • Kaçay, Z. ve Soyer, F. (2020). İş Yeri Yılmazlığının Yordayıcıları Örgütsel Güven, Lider-Üye Etkileşimi ve İş Yeri Maneviyatı. Lap Lambert Academic Publishing (2020-05-21).
  • Kaçay, Z., Damar, A., Yüksek, M., Soyer, F. (2018). Spor Örgütü Çalışanlarında Örgütsel Güven Algısının İşyeri Yılmazlığı Üzerine Etkisi. ERPA International Congresses on Education 2018, İstanbul. ISBN: 978-605-83418-5-2
  • Kelly, E. D. (2015). Examining the counterproductive work behavior process: Momentary relationships among personality, affect, & situational strength. (Unpublished master's thesis). Georgia Institute of Technology School of Psychology.
  • Kemmerer, K., Cruz, J.C., Adams, B. and Breckon, D. (2020). Which cultural interventions most effectively reduce retaliatory behavior within organizations. Muma Business Review 4(10). 107-118. https://doi.org/10.28945/4585.
  • Khattak, M.N., Zolin, R. and Muhammad, N. (2020), "The combined effect of perceived organizational injustice and perceived politics on deviant behaviors", International Journal of Conflict Management, Vol. ahead-of-print No. ahead-of-print. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCMA-12-2019-0220
  • Kılıç, S. (2013). Algılanan örgütsel etik iklim ile üretkenlik karşıtı iş davranışları arasındaki ilişkiler. (Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi). Niğde Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Niğde.
  • Lau, V. C., Au, W. T. ve Ho, J. M. (2003). A qualitative and quantitative review of the antecedents of counterproductive behavior in organizations. Journal of Business and Psychology, 18(1), 73-99.
  • Miles, D. E., Borman, W. E., Spector, P. E. ve Fox, S. (2002). Building an integrative model of extra-role work behaviors: A comparison of counterproductive work behavior with organizational citizenship behavior. International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 10(1‐2), 51-57.
  • Mount, M., Ilies, R. ve Johnson, E. (2006). Relationship of personality traits and counterproductive work behaviors: The mediating effects of job satisfaction. Personnel Psychology, 59(3), 591-622.
  • Neuman, J. H. ve Baron, R. A. (2005). Aggression in the workplace: A social-psychological perspective. In S. Fox ve P. E. Spector (Eds.), Counterproductive work behavior: Investigations of actors and targets (pp. 13-40). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
  • Penney, L. (2007). Organizational retaliatory behavior. In S. G. Rogelberg (Ed.), Encyclopedia of industrial and organizational psychology (Vol. 1, pp. 577-579). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc. doi: 10.4135/9781412952651.n221
  • Robinson, S. L. ve Bennett, R. J. (1995). A typology of deviant workplace behaviors: A multidimensional scaling study. Academy of management journal, 38(2), 555-572.
  • Samnani, A. & Singh, P. (2012). 20 years of workplace bullying research: A review of the antecedents and consequences of bullying in the workplace. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 17, 581-589. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.10.16/j.avb.2012.08.004
  • Skarlicki, P. D., & Folger, R. (1997). Retaliation in the Workplace: The Roles of Distributive, Procedural and Interactional Justice. Journal of Applied Psychology, 82 (3), 434-443.
  • Spector, P. E. ve Fox, S. (2002). An emotion-centered model of voluntary work behavior some parallels between counterproductive work behavior and organizational citizenship behavior. Human Resource Management Review, 12, 1-24.
  • Spector, P. E., Fox, S. ve Domagalski, T. (2006). Emotions, violence and counterproductive work behavior. In E. K. Kelloway, J. Barling ve J. Hurrell (Eds.), Handbook of workplace violence (pp. 29-46). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publication.
  • Şencan H. (2005). Sosyal ve davranışsal ölçümlerde güvenilirlik ve geçerlilik. Seçkin Yayıncılık. Ankara
  • Tavşancıl E. (2006). Tutumların ölçülmesi ve SPSS ile veri analizi. 3. Baskı. Nobel Yayınları. Ankara
  • Townsend, J., Phillips, J. S., & Elkins, T. J. (2000). Employee retaliation: The neglected consequence of poor leader-member exchange relations. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 5(4), 457–463.
  • URL1: https://www.eeoc.gov/retaliation-making-it-personal (Erişim: 28.09.2020).
  • URL2: http://psychology.iresearchnet.com/industrial-organizational psychology/ organizational-behavior/organizational-retaliatory-behavior/. (Erişim: 25.09.2020).
  • Van Dyne, L., Cummings, L. L. ve Parks, J. M. (1995). Extra-role behaviors: In pursuit of construct and definitional clarity (a bridge over muddied waters). Research in Organizational Behavior: An Annual Series of Analytical Essays and Critical Reviews, 17, 215-285
  • Verona, E., Reed, A., Curtin, J. J. ve Pole, M. (2007). Gender differences in emotional and overt/covert aggressive responses to stress. Aggressive Behavior: Official Journal of the International Society for Research on Aggression, 33(3), 261-271.
There are 39 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Sports Medicine
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Zülbiye Kaçay 0000-0002-9794-0888

Publication Date August 30, 2020
Submission Date October 14, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020Volume: 1 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Kaçay, Z. (2020). ÖRGÜTSEL MİSİLLEME ÖLÇEĞİ: GEÇERLİK GÜVENİRLİK ÇALIŞMASI. Sivas Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 1(2), 74-88.
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