THE EFFECT OF FUNCTIONAL TRAINING ON SPEED, BALANCE, AND FUNCTIONAL CAPACITY IN ADOLESCENT TABLE TENNIS PLAYERS: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL

Mahmut Esat Uzun

TR EN

ADÖLESAN MASA TENİSİ SPORCULARINDA FONKSİYONEL ANTRENMANIN SÜRAT, DENGE VE FONKSİYONEL KAPASİTE ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ: RANDOMİZE KONTROLLÜ BİR ÇALIŞMA

Abstract

Amaç: Fonksiyonel antrenman, çok eklemli ve çok düzlemli hareket kalıplarını geliştirerek genç sporcuların fiziksel performansını artırmakta ve yaralanma riskini azaltabilmektedir. Bununla birlikte, fonksiyonel antrenmanın adölesan masa tenisi sporcuları üzerindeki etkileri yeterince araştırılmamıştır. Bu çalışmada, sekiz haftalık fonksiyonel antrenman programının fiziksel performans parametreleri üzerindeki etkilerinin geleneksel ve rutin antrenmanlarla karşılaştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Yaşları 14–16 arasında değişen 30 erkek adölesan masa tenisi sporcusu; Fonksiyonel Antrenman Grubu (n = 10), Geleneksel Antrenman Grubu (n = 10) ve rutin antrenmanlarını sürdüren Kontrol Grubu (n = 10) olmak üzere rastgele üç gruba ayrılmıştır. Esneklik, çeviklik, sürat, dikey sıçrama, Fonksiyonel Hareket Taraması (FMS) ile statik ve dinamik denge performansları ön test, ara test ve son test ölçümleriyle değerlendirilmiştir. Verilerin analizinde tekrarlı ölçümler varyans analizi ve tanımlayıcı istatistikler kullanılmıştır. Anlamlı farklılıkların belirlenmesinde Bonferroni düzeltmeli post hoc testler uygulanmış; etki büyüklükleri Cohen’in d ve η² değerleriyle raporlanmıştır. Bulgular: Fonksiyonel Antrenman Grubunda esneklik, çeviklik, dikey sıçrama yüksekliği, FMS puanları, statik ve dinamik denge ile sürat performansında anlamlı gelişmeler belirlenmiştir. Geleneksel Antrenman Grubunda orta düzeyde gelişmeler gözlenirken Kontrol Grubunda değişimler sınırlı kalmıştır. Genel olarak fonksiyonel antrenmanın fiziksel performansın geliştirilmesinde geleneksel ve rutin antrenmanlardan daha etkili olduğu belirlenmiştir. Sonuç: Sekiz haftalık fonksiyonel antrenman, adölesan masa tenisi sporcularının çoklu fiziksel performans parametrelerinde anlamlı gelişmeler sağlamıştır. Fonksiyonel egzersizlerin antrenman programlarına dâhil edilmesi, sportif performansı artırabilir, hareket asimetrilerini azaltabilir ve yaralanma riskinin en aza indirilmesine katkı sağlayabilir. Gelecekteki araştırmalarda, fonksiyonel antrenmanın farklı yaş ve müsabaka düzeylerindeki uzun dönemli etkileri incelenmelidir. Yöntem: Otuz adölesan masa tenisi sporcusu rastgele üç gruba ayrılmıştır: Fonksiyonel Antrenman Grubu (n = 10), Geleneksel Antrenman Grubu (n = 10) ve Kontrol Grubu (rutin antrenman, n = 10). Esneklik, çeviklik, sürat, dikey sıçrama, Fonksiyonel Hareket Taraması (FMS) ve statik-dinamik denge parametreleri ön test, ara test ve son test ölçümleri ile değerlendirilmiştir. Veriler tekrarlı ölçümler varyans analizi (ANOVA) ve tanımlayıcı istatistikler kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Anlamlı farklılıklar Bonferroni düzeltmeli post hoc testlerle belirlenmiş, etki büyüklükleri Cohen’s d ve η² değerleri ile raporlanmıştır. Bulgular: Fonksiyonel Antrenman Grubu esneklik, çeviklik, dikey sıçrama yüksekliği, FMS puanları, denge ve sürat performansında anlamlı gelişmeler göstermiştir. Geleneksel Antrenman Grubunda orta düzeyde gelişmeler gözlenirken, kontrol grubunda minimal değişiklikler belirlenmiştir. Fonksiyonel antrenmanın genel fiziksel performansın geliştirilmesinde geleneksel ve rutin antrenmanlara göre daha etkili olduğu bulunmuştur. Sonuç: Sekiz haftalık fonksiyonel antrenman uygulaması, adölesan masa tenisi sporcularında birden fazla fiziksel performans parametresinde anlamlı iyileşmeler sağlamıştır. Fonksiyonel antrenman programları performansın artırılmasına, asimetrilerin azaltılmasına ve yaralanma riskinin en aza indirilmesine katkı sağlayabilir. Gelecekte yapılacak çalışmaların, fonksiyonel antrenmanın farklı yaş gruplarındaki uzun dönem etkilerini incelemesi önerilmektedir.

Keywords

Ethical Statement

Çalışma, Dünya Tıp Birliği Helsinki Bildirgesi'ne uygun olarak yürütülmüştür. Karabük Üniversitesi Girişimsel olmayan Klinik Araştırmalar Etik Kurulu'ndan etik onay alınmıştır (Karar No: 2024/ E-77192459-050.99-381871, Ekim 2024). Tüm katılımcılardan çalışmaya katılmadan önce yazılı bilgilendirilmiş onam alınmıştır.

Thanks

Yazarlar, bu çalışmaya değerli katkılarından dolayı tüm katılımcılara teşekkür etmek ister.

THE EFFECT OF FUNCTIONAL TRAINING ON SPEED, BALANCE, AND FUNCTIONAL CAPACITY IN ADOLESCENT TABLE TENNIS PLAYERS: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL

Abstract

Background: Functional training enhances young athletes’ physical performance by developing multi-joint and multiplanar movement patterns and may reduce injury risk. However, its effects on adolescent table tennis players remain insufficiently investigated. This study compared the effects of an eight-week functional training program with traditional and routine training on physical performance parameters. Methods: Thirty male adolescent table tennis players aged 14–16 years were randomly assigned to the Functional Training Group (n = 10), Traditional Training Group (n = 10), or Control Group performing routine training (n = 10). Flexibility, agility, speed, vertical jump, Functional Movement Screen (FMS), and static and dynamic balance were assessed at pre-test, mid-test, and post-test. Data were analyzed using repeated-measures ANOVA and descriptive statistics. Bonferroni-corrected post hoc tests were used to identify significant differences, while effect sizes were reported using Cohen’s d and η². Results: The Functional Training Group demonstrated significant improvements in flexibility, agility, vertical jump height, FMS scores, static and dynamic balance, and speed. The Traditional Training Group showed moderate improvements, whereas the Control Group exhibited minimal changes. Overall, functional training was more effective than traditional and routine training in improving physical performance. Conclusion: Eight weeks of functional training significantly improved multiple physical performance parameters in adolescent table tennis players. Incorporating functional exercises into training programs may enhance athletic performance, reduce movement asymmetries, and potentially minimize injury risk. Future research should investigate the long-term effects of functional training across different age groups and competitive levels.

Keywords

Ethical Statement

The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki of the World Medical Association. Ethical approval was obtained from the Ethics Committee of Karabük University Non-Interventional Clinical Research (Decision No: 2024/ E-77192459-050.99-381871, October 2024). Written informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to participation.

Thanks

The authors would like to thank all participants for their valuable contribution to this study.

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Sports Training, Exercise Physiology

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Mahmut Esat Uzun ^*
0000-0001-6304-0227
Türkiye

Publication Date

August 31, 2026

Submission Date

June 5, 2026

Acceptance Date

August 11, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 7 Number: 2

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA78JE54WF

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Uzun, M. E. (2026). THE EFFECT OF FUNCTIONAL TRAINING ON SPEED, BALANCE, AND FUNCTIONAL CAPACITY IN ADOLESCENT TABLE TENNIS PLAYERS: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL. Sivas Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 7(2), 107-118. https://izlik.org/JA78JE54WF

AMA

1.Uzun ME. THE EFFECT OF FUNCTIONAL TRAINING ON SPEED, BALANCE, AND FUNCTIONAL CAPACITY IN ADOLESCENT TABLE TENNIS PLAYERS: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL. CUSPOR. 2026;7(2):107-118. https://izlik.org/JA78JE54WF

Chicago

Uzun, Mahmut Esat. 2026. “THE EFFECT OF FUNCTIONAL TRAINING ON SPEED, BALANCE, AND FUNCTIONAL CAPACITY IN ADOLESCENT TABLE TENNIS PLAYERS: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL”. Sivas Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Dergisi 7 (2): 107-18. https://izlik.org/JA78JE54WF.

EndNote

Uzun ME (August 1, 2026) THE EFFECT OF FUNCTIONAL TRAINING ON SPEED, BALANCE, AND FUNCTIONAL CAPACITY IN ADOLESCENT TABLE TENNIS PLAYERS: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL. Sivas Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Dergisi 7 2 107–118.

IEEE

[1]M. E. Uzun, “THE EFFECT OF FUNCTIONAL TRAINING ON SPEED, BALANCE, AND FUNCTIONAL CAPACITY IN ADOLESCENT TABLE TENNIS PLAYERS: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL”, CUSPOR, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 107–118, Aug. 2026, [Online]. Available: https://izlik.org/JA78JE54WF

ISNAD

Uzun, Mahmut Esat. “THE EFFECT OF FUNCTIONAL TRAINING ON SPEED, BALANCE, AND FUNCTIONAL CAPACITY IN ADOLESCENT TABLE TENNIS PLAYERS: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL”. Sivas Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Dergisi 7/2 (August 1, 2026): 107-118. https://izlik.org/JA78JE54WF.

JAMA

1.Uzun ME. THE EFFECT OF FUNCTIONAL TRAINING ON SPEED, BALANCE, AND FUNCTIONAL CAPACITY IN ADOLESCENT TABLE TENNIS PLAYERS: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL. CUSPOR. 2026;7:107–118.

MLA

Uzun, Mahmut Esat. “THE EFFECT OF FUNCTIONAL TRAINING ON SPEED, BALANCE, AND FUNCTIONAL CAPACITY IN ADOLESCENT TABLE TENNIS PLAYERS: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL”. Sivas Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 7, no. 2, Aug. 2026, pp. 107-18, https://izlik.org/JA78JE54WF.

Vancouver

1.Mahmut Esat Uzun. THE EFFECT OF FUNCTIONAL TRAINING ON SPEED, BALANCE, AND FUNCTIONAL CAPACITY IN ADOLESCENT TABLE TENNIS PLAYERS: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL. CUSPOR [Internet]. 2026 Aug. 1;7(2):107-18. Available from: https://izlik.org/JA78JE54WF