Araştırma Makalesi
Esporcuların ve Spor Bilimleri Öğrencilerinin İsabetlilik ve Reaksiyon Sürelerinin Karşılaştırılması
Öz
Bu çalışmanın amacı elektronik sporcular ile spor bilimleri öğrencilerinin görsel, işitsel reaksiyon ve isabetlilik sürelerini karşılaştırmaktır. Çalışmaya yaş ortalaması 21.70±1.55 yıl, 9.43±4.22 yıldır spor yapan 30 spor bilimleri öğrencisi ve yaş ortalaması 23.30±1.11 yıl, 5.86±1.96 yıldır espor yapan 30 profesyonel First Person Shooter (FPS) oyuncusu olmak üzere toplam 60 kişi gönüllü olarak katılmıştır. Testler web tabanlı dijital platformlar kullanılarak yapılmıştır. Katılımcıların görsel ve işitsel reaksiyon sürelerinin belirlenmesi için Görsel ve İşitsel Reaksiyon Süresi Testi, isabetlilik sürelerinin belirlenmesi için Aim Trainer testi uygulanmıştır. İşitsel ve görsel reaksiyon süresi testleri beş kez uygulanmış olup değerlerin ortalaması milisaniye (ms) cinsinden kaydedilmiştir. İsabetlilik testi bir kez uygulanmıştır ve elde edilen süre milisaniye (ms) cinsinden kaydedilmiştir. Verilerin, normallik analizi için Kolmogrov-Smirnov testi kullanılmıştır. Veriler, normal dağılım gösterdiği için Bağımsız Örneklem T-Testi ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Gruplar arasında isabetlilik parametresinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark bulunmuştur(p<0.01). Ancak işitsel ve görsel reaksiyon süresi testinde anlamlı fark bulunmamıştır(p>0.05). Sonuç olarak, elektronik sporcuların isabetlilik testinde spor bilimleri öğrencilerinden daha hızlı hedeflere isabet ettiği görülürken, görsel ve işitsel reaksiyon testlerinde herhangi bir anlamlı farklılık görülmemiştir (p>0.05).
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Akgöl, O. (2019). Spor endüstrisi ve dijitalleşme: Türkiye'deki Espor yapılanması üzerine bir inceleme. TRT Akademi, 4(8), 206-224.
- Akyüz, B. (2022). The importance of physical training in e-sports. International Online Journal of Education and Teaching (IOJET), 9(4). 1960-1973.
- Alpkaya, U. & Mengütay, S. (2004). Fiziksel aktivitenin reaksiyon süresine etkisinin incelenmesi. Gazi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 9(3), 49-58.
- Ashoke, B.; Skikha, D.; Sudarsan, B. (2010). Reaction time with respect to the nature of stimulus and age of male subjects. Journal of Sport and Health Research. 2(1):35-40.
- Atan, T., & Akyol, P. (2014). Reaction times of different branch athletes and correlation between reaction time parameters. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 116, 2886-2889.
- Bányai, F., Griffiths, M. D., Demetrovics, Z., & Király, O. (2019). The mediating effect of motivations between psychiatric distress and gaming disorder among esport gamers and recreational gamers. Comprehensive psychiatry, 94, Article 152117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2019.152117
- Bickmann, P., Wechsler, K., Rudolf, K., Tholl, C., Froböse, I., & Grieben, C. (2021). Comparison of reaction time between esports players of different genres and sportsmen. International Journal of eSports Research (IJER), 1(1), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.4018/IJER.20210101.oa1
- Biçer, Y. & Aysan, H. A. (2008). Mental konsantrasyon çalışmalarının bilek güreşi erkek sporcularının reaksiyon zamanlarına etkisi. Fırat Üniversitesi Doğu Araştırmaları Dergisi, 6(2), 147-153.
- Bilir H. (2022). E-spor Ekonomisinin Gelişimi. Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 16(3), 327-341.
- Cognitive Fun. (2022, April 10). Auditory reaction time test. https://new.cognitivefun.net/task/cogfun-16-auditory-reaction-time/
- Cuthbertson, D. W., Bershad, E. M., Sangi‐Haghpeykar, H., & Cohen, H. S. (2015). Balance as a measurement of fatigue in postcall residents. The Laryngoscope, 125(2), 337-341. https://doi.org/10.1002/lary.24792
- Ersin, A., Tezeren, H. C., , N. O., Asal, B., Atabey, A., Diri, A., & Gonen, İ. (2022). The relationship between reaction time and gaming time in esports players. Kinesiology, 54(1), 36-42. http://doi.org//10.26582/k.54.1.4
- Göral, K., Saygın, Ö., & İrez, G. B. (2012). Profesyonel futbolcuların oynadıkları mevkilere göre görsel ve işitsel reaksiyon sürelerinin incelenmesi. Selçuk Üniversitesi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilim Dergisi, 14(1), 5-11. http://doi.org/10.38021/asbid.910050
- HumanBenchmark. (2022, April 10). Aim trainer test. https://humanbenchmark.com/tests/aim
- HumanBenchmark. (2022, April 10). Visual reaction time test. https://humanbenchmark.com/tests/reactiontime/
- Jain, A., Bansal, R., Kumar, A., & Singh, K. D. (2015). A comparative study of visual and auditory reaction times on the basis of gender and physical activity levels of medical first year students. International Journal of Applied and Basic Medical Research, 5(2), 124-127. http://doi.org/10.4103/2229-516X.157168
- Jenny, S. E., Manning, R., Keiper, M. C., Olrich, T. W. (2017). Virtual(ly) athletes: Where esports fit within the definition of "sport". Quest, 69(1), 1-18. http://doi.org/10.1080/00336297.2016.1144517
- Kaplan, D. S., Akcan, F., Çakır, Z., Kılıç, T., & Yıldırım, C. (2017). Visuomotor and audiomotor reaction time in elite and non elite badminton players. European Journal Of Physical Education And Sport Science, 3(1), 84-93. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.293183
- Karia RM, Ghuntla TP, Mehta HB, Gokhale PA, Shah CJ. Effect of gender difference on visual reaction time: A study on medical students of Bhavnagar region. IOSR PHR 2012;2:452 4.
- Kemp BJ. (1973). Reaction time of young and elderly subjects in relation to perceptual deprivation and signal on versus signal off condition. Dev Psychol 1973;8:268 72.
- Koposov, D., Semenova, M., Somov, A., Lange, A., Stepanov, A., & Burnaev. E. (2020). Analysis of the reaction time of esports players through the gaze tracking and personality trait, 2020 IEEE 29th International Symposium on Industrial Electronics (ISIE), 1560-1565. http://doi.org//10.1109/ISIE45063.2020.9152422
- Kuan, Y. M., Zuhairi, N. A., Manan, F. A., Knight, V. F., & Omar, R. (2018). Visual reaction time and visual anticipation time between athletes and non-athletes. Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine, 1, 135-141.
- Lipps, D. B., Galecki A. T., & Ashton-Miller J. A. (2011). On the implications of a sex difference in the reaction times of sprinters at the Beijing Olympics. PLoS One. 6(10), Article e26141. http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0026141
- Luu, A., Winans, A., Suniga, R., & Motz, V. A. (2021). Reaction Times for Esport Competitors and Traditional Physical Athletes are Faster than Noncompetitive Peers. The Ohio Journal of Science, 121(2), 15-20. https://doi.org/10.18061/ojs.v121i2.7677
- Mori, Shuji & Ohtani, Yoshio & Imanaka, Kuniyasu. (2002). Reaction time and anticipatory skills of Karate athletes. Human movement science. 21. 213-30. Doi.org/10.1016/S0167-9457(02)00103-3.
- Nagorsky, E. & Wiemeyer, J. (2020). The structure of performance and training in esports. PLoS One, 15(8), 1-39. Article e0237584. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0237584
- Noutsos SK, Meletakos GP, Bayios AI. Morphological characteristics of adolescent elite female handball and volleyball players. JPES. 2019;19(Supp. 4):1502-7. https://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2019.s4217
- Pancar, Z., Özdal, M., Pancar, S., & Biçer, M. (2016). Investigation of visual and auditory simple reaction time of 11-18 aged youth. European Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science, 2(4), 146-152. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.164029
- Polat, S., Erbaş, E. & Orhan, Ö. (2018). 10-12 yaş grubu yüzücülerde uygulanan 8 hafta reaksiyon antrenmanlarının etkilerinin incelenmesi. Gaziantep Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 3(3), 59-66. http://doi.org/10.31680/gaunjss.442373
- Radu, L. E., Popovici, I. M., Petrea, R. G., & Puni, A.-R. (2021). The physical activity level and reaction time during covid 19 pandemic. Human, Technologies and Quality of Education, 1096-1104.
- Roldan, C. J. & Prasetyo, Y. T. (2021). Evaluating the effects of aim lab training on filipino valorant players' shooting accuracy, 2021 IEEE 8th International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Applications (ICIEA), 465-470. http://doi.org/10.1109/ICIEA52957.2021.9436822
- Shelton J, Kumar GP. (2010). Comparison between auditory and visual simple reaction times. Neurosci Med 2010;1:30 2.
- Temur, H.B., Baytar R. (2019). Comparison of the Reaction Time Period of Individuals in Sport, Fine Arts and Classroom Education. Asian Journal of Education and Training, 5(3), 495–500. https://doi.org/10.20448/journal.522.2019.53.495.500
- Thompson PD, Colebatch JG, Brown P, Rothwell JC, Day BL, Obeso JA, et al. Voluntary stimulus sensitive jerks and jumps mimicking myoclonus or pathological startle syndromes. Mov Disord 1992;7:257 62.
- Welford AT. Choice reaction time: Basic concepts. In: Welford AT, editor. Reaction Times. New York: Academic Press; 1980. p. 73 128.
- Wielen, M. V. (2015). The Effects of a Visual Cue on Reaction Time. Undergraduate Psychology Research Methods Journal, 1(17), 2.
- Yagi Y, Coburn KL, Estes KM, Arruda JE. (1999). Effects of aerobic exercise and gender on visual and auditory P300, reaction time, and accuracy. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 1999;80:402 8
Yıl 2023,
Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2, 80 - 94, 25.12.2023
Öz
The aim of this study is to compare the visual, auditory reaction and accuracy times of electronic sports players and sports sciences students. A total of 60 voluntary, including 30 sports sciences students with an average age of 21.70±1.55 years, who have been doing sports for 9.43±4.22 years, and 30 professional First Person Shooter (FPS) players with an average age of 23.30±1.11 years doing esports for 5.86±1.96 years, participated in the study.The tests were administered via web-based digital platforms. Visual Reaction Time Test and Auditory Reaction Time Test were used to determine visual and auditory reaction times as well as Aim Trainer test to determine accuracy times. Auditory and visual reaction time tests were applied five times and the average of the values was recorded in milliseconds (ms). The Aim Trainer test was applied once and the resulting time was recorded in milliseconds (ms). Kolmogrov-Smirnov test was used for normality analysis of the data. Since the data showed normal distribution, they were compared with the Independent Sample T-Test. A statistically significant difference was found in the accuracy parameter between the groups (p<0.01). However, there was no significant difference in the auditory and visual reaction time test (p>0.05). As a result, while it was seen that electronic sports players hit targets faster than sports sciences students in the accuracy test, no significant difference was observed in visual and auditory reaction tests (p>0.05).
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Akgöl, O. (2019). Spor endüstrisi ve dijitalleşme: Türkiye'deki Espor yapılanması üzerine bir inceleme. TRT Akademi, 4(8), 206-224.
- Akyüz, B. (2022). The importance of physical training in e-sports. International Online Journal of Education and Teaching (IOJET), 9(4). 1960-1973.
- Alpkaya, U. & Mengütay, S. (2004). Fiziksel aktivitenin reaksiyon süresine etkisinin incelenmesi. Gazi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 9(3), 49-58.
- Ashoke, B.; Skikha, D.; Sudarsan, B. (2010). Reaction time with respect to the nature of stimulus and age of male subjects. Journal of Sport and Health Research. 2(1):35-40.
- Atan, T., & Akyol, P. (2014). Reaction times of different branch athletes and correlation between reaction time parameters. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 116, 2886-2889.
- Bányai, F., Griffiths, M. D., Demetrovics, Z., & Király, O. (2019). The mediating effect of motivations between psychiatric distress and gaming disorder among esport gamers and recreational gamers. Comprehensive psychiatry, 94, Article 152117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2019.152117
- Bickmann, P., Wechsler, K., Rudolf, K., Tholl, C., Froböse, I., & Grieben, C. (2021). Comparison of reaction time between esports players of different genres and sportsmen. International Journal of eSports Research (IJER), 1(1), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.4018/IJER.20210101.oa1
- Biçer, Y. & Aysan, H. A. (2008). Mental konsantrasyon çalışmalarının bilek güreşi erkek sporcularının reaksiyon zamanlarına etkisi. Fırat Üniversitesi Doğu Araştırmaları Dergisi, 6(2), 147-153.
- Bilir H. (2022). E-spor Ekonomisinin Gelişimi. Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 16(3), 327-341.
- Cognitive Fun. (2022, April 10). Auditory reaction time test. https://new.cognitivefun.net/task/cogfun-16-auditory-reaction-time/
- Cuthbertson, D. W., Bershad, E. M., Sangi‐Haghpeykar, H., & Cohen, H. S. (2015). Balance as a measurement of fatigue in postcall residents. The Laryngoscope, 125(2), 337-341. https://doi.org/10.1002/lary.24792
- Ersin, A., Tezeren, H. C., , N. O., Asal, B., Atabey, A., Diri, A., & Gonen, İ. (2022). The relationship between reaction time and gaming time in esports players. Kinesiology, 54(1), 36-42. http://doi.org//10.26582/k.54.1.4
- Göral, K., Saygın, Ö., & İrez, G. B. (2012). Profesyonel futbolcuların oynadıkları mevkilere göre görsel ve işitsel reaksiyon sürelerinin incelenmesi. Selçuk Üniversitesi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilim Dergisi, 14(1), 5-11. http://doi.org/10.38021/asbid.910050
- HumanBenchmark. (2022, April 10). Aim trainer test. https://humanbenchmark.com/tests/aim
- HumanBenchmark. (2022, April 10). Visual reaction time test. https://humanbenchmark.com/tests/reactiontime/
- Jain, A., Bansal, R., Kumar, A., & Singh, K. D. (2015). A comparative study of visual and auditory reaction times on the basis of gender and physical activity levels of medical first year students. International Journal of Applied and Basic Medical Research, 5(2), 124-127. http://doi.org/10.4103/2229-516X.157168
- Jenny, S. E., Manning, R., Keiper, M. C., Olrich, T. W. (2017). Virtual(ly) athletes: Where esports fit within the definition of "sport". Quest, 69(1), 1-18. http://doi.org/10.1080/00336297.2016.1144517
- Kaplan, D. S., Akcan, F., Çakır, Z., Kılıç, T., & Yıldırım, C. (2017). Visuomotor and audiomotor reaction time in elite and non elite badminton players. European Journal Of Physical Education And Sport Science, 3(1), 84-93. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.293183
- Karia RM, Ghuntla TP, Mehta HB, Gokhale PA, Shah CJ. Effect of gender difference on visual reaction time: A study on medical students of Bhavnagar region. IOSR PHR 2012;2:452 4.
- Kemp BJ. (1973). Reaction time of young and elderly subjects in relation to perceptual deprivation and signal on versus signal off condition. Dev Psychol 1973;8:268 72.
- Koposov, D., Semenova, M., Somov, A., Lange, A., Stepanov, A., & Burnaev. E. (2020). Analysis of the reaction time of esports players through the gaze tracking and personality trait, 2020 IEEE 29th International Symposium on Industrial Electronics (ISIE), 1560-1565. http://doi.org//10.1109/ISIE45063.2020.9152422
- Kuan, Y. M., Zuhairi, N. A., Manan, F. A., Knight, V. F., & Omar, R. (2018). Visual reaction time and visual anticipation time between athletes and non-athletes. Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine, 1, 135-141.
- Lipps, D. B., Galecki A. T., & Ashton-Miller J. A. (2011). On the implications of a sex difference in the reaction times of sprinters at the Beijing Olympics. PLoS One. 6(10), Article e26141. http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0026141
- Luu, A., Winans, A., Suniga, R., & Motz, V. A. (2021). Reaction Times for Esport Competitors and Traditional Physical Athletes are Faster than Noncompetitive Peers. The Ohio Journal of Science, 121(2), 15-20. https://doi.org/10.18061/ojs.v121i2.7677
- Mori, Shuji & Ohtani, Yoshio & Imanaka, Kuniyasu. (2002). Reaction time and anticipatory skills of Karate athletes. Human movement science. 21. 213-30. Doi.org/10.1016/S0167-9457(02)00103-3.
- Nagorsky, E. & Wiemeyer, J. (2020). The structure of performance and training in esports. PLoS One, 15(8), 1-39. Article e0237584. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0237584
- Noutsos SK, Meletakos GP, Bayios AI. Morphological characteristics of adolescent elite female handball and volleyball players. JPES. 2019;19(Supp. 4):1502-7. https://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2019.s4217
- Pancar, Z., Özdal, M., Pancar, S., & Biçer, M. (2016). Investigation of visual and auditory simple reaction time of 11-18 aged youth. European Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science, 2(4), 146-152. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.164029
- Polat, S., Erbaş, E. & Orhan, Ö. (2018). 10-12 yaş grubu yüzücülerde uygulanan 8 hafta reaksiyon antrenmanlarının etkilerinin incelenmesi. Gaziantep Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 3(3), 59-66. http://doi.org/10.31680/gaunjss.442373
- Radu, L. E., Popovici, I. M., Petrea, R. G., & Puni, A.-R. (2021). The physical activity level and reaction time during covid 19 pandemic. Human, Technologies and Quality of Education, 1096-1104.
- Roldan, C. J. & Prasetyo, Y. T. (2021). Evaluating the effects of aim lab training on filipino valorant players' shooting accuracy, 2021 IEEE 8th International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Applications (ICIEA), 465-470. http://doi.org/10.1109/ICIEA52957.2021.9436822
- Shelton J, Kumar GP. (2010). Comparison between auditory and visual simple reaction times. Neurosci Med 2010;1:30 2.
- Temur, H.B., Baytar R. (2019). Comparison of the Reaction Time Period of Individuals in Sport, Fine Arts and Classroom Education. Asian Journal of Education and Training, 5(3), 495–500. https://doi.org/10.20448/journal.522.2019.53.495.500
- Thompson PD, Colebatch JG, Brown P, Rothwell JC, Day BL, Obeso JA, et al. Voluntary stimulus sensitive jerks and jumps mimicking myoclonus or pathological startle syndromes. Mov Disord 1992;7:257 62.
- Welford AT. Choice reaction time: Basic concepts. In: Welford AT, editor. Reaction Times. New York: Academic Press; 1980. p. 73 128.
- Wielen, M. V. (2015). The Effects of a Visual Cue on Reaction Time. Undergraduate Psychology Research Methods Journal, 1(17), 2.
- Yagi Y, Coburn KL, Estes KM, Arruda JE. (1999). Effects of aerobic exercise and gender on visual and auditory P300, reaction time, and accuracy. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 1999;80:402 8
Toplam 37 adet kaynakça vardır.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | Beden Eğitimi ve Oyun, Spor ve Rekreasyon, Egzersiz ve Spor Bilimleri (Diğer) |
| Bölüm | 2023 Aralık |
| Yazarlar | |
| Erken Görünüm Tarihi | 25 Aralık 2023 |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 25 Aralık 2023 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2023 Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2 |
