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Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PACES): Adaptation to Turkish Culture, Validity and Reliability Study

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 1, 21 - 37, 30.04.2022
https://doi.org/10.18506/anemon.976300

Öz

Within this study, it was aimed to adapt Mullen et. al.’s Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale into Turkish and to apply it on Turkish population to find out validity and reliability of the scale. The scale in question consists of 8 articles and one dimension. Attitude of the participants was gathered via a 7-point Likert scale. The sample was selected via convenience sampling method of non-probabilistic sampling methods. The sample group consists of 1573 students (56,6% female, 43,4% male) who are having education at different levels (38,4% middle school, 30,1% high school, 31,5% university). Age of the participants vary between 11 and 35 (X ̅= 15.92, SS= 4.76). Ethics Committee Report of the Research; It has been taken from the Social and Human Sciences Research Ethics Committee of Sakarya University of Applıed Scıences, with the Meeting Number 9 and Decision E-26428519-044-12079, dated 21.05.2021. Linguistic equivalence of the scale was evaluated through correlation analysis. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was utilized with the purpose of exhibiting the factor structure of the scale. For the validity of the EFA outcome, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was carried out. Reliability level of the scale was evaluated via calculation of Cronbach alpha internal consistency coefficient and composite reliability values. According to the findings, it was determined that the Turkish scale, consisting of 8 items and one dimension, explained 76% of the total variance. It was also observed that the fit indices, which were attained via CFA, are among the acceptable and good fit indices (GFI = .98, CFI = .99, RMSEA = .042). It can be stated that the Turkish version of the scale can be used safely as a valid and reliable tool.

Kaynakça

  • Akbaba, S. (2006). Eğitimde motivasyon. Atatürk Üniversitesi Kazım Karabekir Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, (13), 343-361.
  • Alkaabi, S. A. R., Alkaabi, W., & Vyver, G. (2017). Researching student motivation. Contemporary Issues in Education Research, 10(3), 193-202. https://doi.org/10.19030/cier.v10i3.9985
  • Alves, E. D., Panissa, V. L. G., Barros, B. J., Franchini, E., & Takito, M. Y. (2018). Translation, adaptation, and reproducibility of the physical activity enjoyment scale (PACES) and feeling scale to Brazilian Portuguese. Sport Sciences for Health, 15(2), 329-336.
  • Aslan, M , Doğan, S . (2020). Dışsal motivasyon, içsel motivasyon ve performans etkileşimine kuramsal bir bakış . Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Vizyoner Dergisi , 11 (26) , 291-301 . DOI: 10.21076/vizyoner.638479
  • Başusta, N. B., & Gelbal, S. (2015). Gruplararası karşılaştırmalarda ölçme değişmezliğinin test edilmesi: PISA öğrenci anketi örneği. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 30(4), 80-90.
  • Burns, R. D., Fu, Y., & Podlog, L. W. (2017). School-based physical activity interventions and physical activity enjoyment: A meta-analysis. Preventive medicine, 103, 84–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2017.08.011 Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2010). Sosyal bilimler için veri analizi el kitabı. Ankara.: Pegem Akademi Yayınları.
  • Carraro, A., Young, M. C., & Robazza, C. (2008). A contribution to the validation of the physical activity enjoyment scale in an Italian sample. Social Behavior and Personality: An İnternational Journal, 36(7), 911-918.
  • Chen, H., Dai, J., & Sun, H. (2019). Validation of a Chinese version of the physical activity enjoyment scale: Factorial validity, measurement equivalence, and predictive validity. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 17(4), 367-380.
  • Craike, M. J., Hibbins, R., & Cuskelly, G. (2010). The influence of various aspects of enjoyment on participation in leisure time physical activity. World Leisure Journal, 52(1), 20–33. doi:10.1080/04419057.2010.9674619
  • Crocker, P. R., Bouffard, M., & Gessaroli, M. E. (1995). Measuring enjoyment in youth sport settings: A confirmatory factor analysis of the physical activity enjoyment scale. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology,17(2), 200–205.
  • Cüceloğlu, D. (2018). İnsan ve davranışı. İstanbul: 36. Baskı, Remzi Kitap Evi. ISBN: 978-975-14-1869-2
  • Çiçek, Ş , İnce, M . (2005). Öğretmen adaylarının öğretmenlik uygulaması sürecine ilişkin görüşleri. . Spor Bilimleri Dergisi , 16 (3) , 146-155 .
  • Demirtoz, B , Alpkaya, U . (2016). Okul çocuklarının fiziksel aktiviteden hoşlanma düzeyleri . Marmara Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Dergisi , 1 (1) , 23-30
  • Dimitrov, D. M. (2010). Testing for factorial invariance in the context of construct validation. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, 43(2), 121-149.
  • Dishman, R. K., Motl, R. W., Saunders, R., Felton, G., Ward, D. S., Dowda, M., & Pate, R. R. (2005). Enjoyment mediates effects of a school-based physical-activity intervention. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 37(3), 478-487. Dismore, H., & Bailey, R. (2011). Fun and enjoyment in physical education: young people’s attitudes. Research Papers in Education, 26(4), 499–516. doi:10.1080/02671522.2010.484866
  • Dogra, S., MacIntosh, L., O’Neill, C., D’Silva, C., Shearer, H., Smith, K., & Côté, P. (2018). The association of physical activity with depression and stress among post-secondary school students: A systematic review. Mental Health and Physical Activity, 14, 146–156. doi:10.1016/j.mhpa.2017.11.001
  • Dunton, G. F., Tscherne, J., & Rodriguez, D. (2009). Factorial validity and gender invariance of the physical activity enjoyment scale (PACES) in older adolescents. Research Quarterly for Exercise And Sport, 80(1), 117-121.
  • El-Sherif, J. L. (2016). The value of fun in physical activity. Strategies, 29(2), 3–8. doi:10.1080/08924562.2015.1133353
  • Ertaş, M , Aktaş, G . (2019). Rekreatif gruplara üyelik: Motosiklet grupları üzerine bir inceleme . anatolia: Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi , 30 (1) , 19-30 . DOI: 10.17123/atad.580615
  • Fernández García, E., Sánchez Bañuelos, F., Salinero Martín, J. J. (2008). Validación y adaptación de la escala PACES de disfrute con la práctica de la actividad física para adolescentes españolas [Validation and adaptation of the PACES scale of enjoyment with the practice of physical activity for Spanish adolescents]. Psicothema, 20(4), 890–895.
  • Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39-50.
  • Fraenkel, J. R., Wallen, N. E., & Hyun, H. H. (2012). How to Design and Evaluate Research in Education (8th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
  • Fuentesal-García, J., Baena-Extremera, A., & Sáez-Padilla, J. (2019). Psychometric characteristics of the physical activity enjoyment scale in the context of physical activity in nature. International journal of environmental research and public health, 16 (24), 488
  • George, D.,ve Mallery, P. (2016) IBM spss statistics 23 step by step: A simple guide and reference. (14 th ed.) New York: Routledge.
  • Graves, L. E., Ridgers, N. D., Williams, K., Stratton, G., Atkinson, G., & Cable, N. T. (2010). The physiological cost and enjoyment of wii fit in adolescents, young adults, and older adults. Journal of Physical Activity and Health, 7 (3), 393-401.
  • Hair, J., Black, W., Babin, B. ve Anderson, R. (2010). Multivariate data analysis (7th ed.). Upper Saddle River, Prentice-Hall, NJ, USA.
  • Hattie, J., Hodis, F. A., & Kang, S. H. K. (2020). Theories of motivation: Integration and ways forward. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 101865. doi:10.1016/j.cedpsych.2020.101865
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Fiziksel Aktivitelerden Keyif Alma Ölçeği (FAKÖ): Türk Kültürüne Uyarlama, Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 1, 21 - 37, 30.04.2022
https://doi.org/10.18506/anemon.976300

Öz

Bu çalışmada, Mullen ve arkadaşları (2011) tarafından geliştirilen Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PACES), “Fiziksel Aktivitelerden Keyif Alma (FAKÖ)” Ölçeği’ni Türkçe’ye ve Türk popülasyonuna uyarlayarak geçerlik ve güvenirliğinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Söz konusu ölçek 8 madde ve tek boyuttan oluşmakta olup 7’li likert tipi derecelendirmeye sahiptir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu, olasılığa dayalı olmayan örnekleme yöntemlerinden kolayda örnekleme yöntemi ile seçilmiş, yaşları 11 ile 35 arasında değişen (X ̅= 15.92, SS = 4.76), ortaokul (%38.4), lise (%30.1) ve üniversite (%31.5) düzeyinde eğitim gören toplam 1573 öğrenci (%56.6’sı kadın, %43.4’ü erkek) oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmanın etik kurul izni Sakarya Uygulamalı Bilimler Üniversitesi Sosyal ve Beşeri Bilimler Etik Kurulu Başkanlığının “21.05.2021 tarihli, 09 no'lu toplantısında almış olduğu E-26428519-044-12079 sayılı” kararı ile alınmıştır. Ölçeğin dilsel eşdeğerliliği korelasyon analizi yapılarak incelenmiştir. Ölçeğin faktör yapısını ortaya koymak amacıyla açıklayıcı faktör analizi (AFA) gerçekleştirilmiştir. AFA sonucu elde edilen faktör yapısının doğruluğu için doğrulayıcı faktör analizi (DFA) yapılmıştır. Ölçeğin güvenirliği Cronbach alfa iç tutarlılık katsayısı ve bileşik güvenilirlik değeri hesaplanarak incelenmiştir. Elde edilen bulgulara göre, 8 madde tek boyuttan oluşan Türkçe ölçeğin toplam varyansın %76’sını açıkladığı belirlenmiştir. DFA sonucunda elde edilen uyum indekslerinin kabul edilebilir ve iyi uyum indeksleri arasında yer aldığı (GFI= .98, CFI= .99, TLI= .99 ve RMSEA= .042) görülmüştür. Sonuç olarak, FAKÖ’nün Türkçe formunun geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçüm aracı olarak kullanılabileceği ifade edilebilir.

Kaynakça

  • Akbaba, S. (2006). Eğitimde motivasyon. Atatürk Üniversitesi Kazım Karabekir Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, (13), 343-361.
  • Alkaabi, S. A. R., Alkaabi, W., & Vyver, G. (2017). Researching student motivation. Contemporary Issues in Education Research, 10(3), 193-202. https://doi.org/10.19030/cier.v10i3.9985
  • Alves, E. D., Panissa, V. L. G., Barros, B. J., Franchini, E., & Takito, M. Y. (2018). Translation, adaptation, and reproducibility of the physical activity enjoyment scale (PACES) and feeling scale to Brazilian Portuguese. Sport Sciences for Health, 15(2), 329-336.
  • Aslan, M , Doğan, S . (2020). Dışsal motivasyon, içsel motivasyon ve performans etkileşimine kuramsal bir bakış . Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Vizyoner Dergisi , 11 (26) , 291-301 . DOI: 10.21076/vizyoner.638479
  • Başusta, N. B., & Gelbal, S. (2015). Gruplararası karşılaştırmalarda ölçme değişmezliğinin test edilmesi: PISA öğrenci anketi örneği. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 30(4), 80-90.
  • Burns, R. D., Fu, Y., & Podlog, L. W. (2017). School-based physical activity interventions and physical activity enjoyment: A meta-analysis. Preventive medicine, 103, 84–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2017.08.011 Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2010). Sosyal bilimler için veri analizi el kitabı. Ankara.: Pegem Akademi Yayınları.
  • Carraro, A., Young, M. C., & Robazza, C. (2008). A contribution to the validation of the physical activity enjoyment scale in an Italian sample. Social Behavior and Personality: An İnternational Journal, 36(7), 911-918.
  • Chen, H., Dai, J., & Sun, H. (2019). Validation of a Chinese version of the physical activity enjoyment scale: Factorial validity, measurement equivalence, and predictive validity. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 17(4), 367-380.
  • Craike, M. J., Hibbins, R., & Cuskelly, G. (2010). The influence of various aspects of enjoyment on participation in leisure time physical activity. World Leisure Journal, 52(1), 20–33. doi:10.1080/04419057.2010.9674619
  • Crocker, P. R., Bouffard, M., & Gessaroli, M. E. (1995). Measuring enjoyment in youth sport settings: A confirmatory factor analysis of the physical activity enjoyment scale. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology,17(2), 200–205.
  • Cüceloğlu, D. (2018). İnsan ve davranışı. İstanbul: 36. Baskı, Remzi Kitap Evi. ISBN: 978-975-14-1869-2
  • Çiçek, Ş , İnce, M . (2005). Öğretmen adaylarının öğretmenlik uygulaması sürecine ilişkin görüşleri. . Spor Bilimleri Dergisi , 16 (3) , 146-155 .
  • Demirtoz, B , Alpkaya, U . (2016). Okul çocuklarının fiziksel aktiviteden hoşlanma düzeyleri . Marmara Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Dergisi , 1 (1) , 23-30
  • Dimitrov, D. M. (2010). Testing for factorial invariance in the context of construct validation. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, 43(2), 121-149.
  • Dishman, R. K., Motl, R. W., Saunders, R., Felton, G., Ward, D. S., Dowda, M., & Pate, R. R. (2005). Enjoyment mediates effects of a school-based physical-activity intervention. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 37(3), 478-487. Dismore, H., & Bailey, R. (2011). Fun and enjoyment in physical education: young people’s attitudes. Research Papers in Education, 26(4), 499–516. doi:10.1080/02671522.2010.484866
  • Dogra, S., MacIntosh, L., O’Neill, C., D’Silva, C., Shearer, H., Smith, K., & Côté, P. (2018). The association of physical activity with depression and stress among post-secondary school students: A systematic review. Mental Health and Physical Activity, 14, 146–156. doi:10.1016/j.mhpa.2017.11.001
  • Dunton, G. F., Tscherne, J., & Rodriguez, D. (2009). Factorial validity and gender invariance of the physical activity enjoyment scale (PACES) in older adolescents. Research Quarterly for Exercise And Sport, 80(1), 117-121.
  • El-Sherif, J. L. (2016). The value of fun in physical activity. Strategies, 29(2), 3–8. doi:10.1080/08924562.2015.1133353
  • Ertaş, M , Aktaş, G . (2019). Rekreatif gruplara üyelik: Motosiklet grupları üzerine bir inceleme . anatolia: Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi , 30 (1) , 19-30 . DOI: 10.17123/atad.580615
  • Fernández García, E., Sánchez Bañuelos, F., Salinero Martín, J. J. (2008). Validación y adaptación de la escala PACES de disfrute con la práctica de la actividad física para adolescentes españolas [Validation and adaptation of the PACES scale of enjoyment with the practice of physical activity for Spanish adolescents]. Psicothema, 20(4), 890–895.
  • Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39-50.
  • Fraenkel, J. R., Wallen, N. E., & Hyun, H. H. (2012). How to Design and Evaluate Research in Education (8th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
  • Fuentesal-García, J., Baena-Extremera, A., & Sáez-Padilla, J. (2019). Psychometric characteristics of the physical activity enjoyment scale in the context of physical activity in nature. International journal of environmental research and public health, 16 (24), 488
  • George, D.,ve Mallery, P. (2016) IBM spss statistics 23 step by step: A simple guide and reference. (14 th ed.) New York: Routledge.
  • Graves, L. E., Ridgers, N. D., Williams, K., Stratton, G., Atkinson, G., & Cable, N. T. (2010). The physiological cost and enjoyment of wii fit in adolescents, young adults, and older adults. Journal of Physical Activity and Health, 7 (3), 393-401.
  • Hair, J., Black, W., Babin, B. ve Anderson, R. (2010). Multivariate data analysis (7th ed.). Upper Saddle River, Prentice-Hall, NJ, USA.
  • Hattie, J., Hodis, F. A., & Kang, S. H. K. (2020). Theories of motivation: Integration and ways forward. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 101865. doi:10.1016/j.cedpsych.2020.101865
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  • Jekauc D, Nigg C, Nigg CR, Reichert M,Krell-Roesch J, Oriwol D, et al. (2020). Measurement properties of the german version of the physical activity enjoyment scale for adults. Plos One 15(11): e0242069
  • Karagöz, Y. (2016). SPSS ve AMOS 23 uygulamalı istatistiksel analizler. Ankara: Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık.
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  • Lindqvist, A.-K., Kostenius, C., & Gard, G. (2014). Fun, feasible and functioning: Students’ experiences of a physical activity intervention. European Journal of Physiotherapy, 16(4), 194–200. doi:10.3109/21679169.2014.946089
  • Locke, E. A., & Schattke, K. (2019). Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation: Time for expansion and clarification. Motivation Science, 5(4), 277.
  • Latorre Roman, P. A., García Pinillos, F., Navarro Martinez, A. V., & Izquierdo Rus, T. (2014). Validity and reliability of physical activity enjoyment scale questionnaire (PACES) in children with asthma. Journal of Asthma, 51(6), 633-638.
  • Massey, W. V., Szarabajko, A., Thalken, J., Perez, D., & Mullen, S. P. (2021). Memories of school recess predict physical activity enjoyment and social-emotional well-being in adults. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 55, 101948.
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  • Monteiro, D., Nunes, G., Marinho, D. A., Couto, N., Antunes, R., Moutão, J., & Cid, L. (2017). Translation and adaptation of the physical activity enjoyment scale (PACES) in a sample of Portuguese athletes, invariance across genders nature sports and swimming. Revista Brasileira de Cineantropometria & Desempenho Humano, 19(6), 631-643.
  • Moreno, J. A., González-Cutre, D., Martínez, C., Alonso, N., & López, M. (2008). Propiedades psicométricas de la physical activity enjoyment scale (PACES) en el contexto español. Estudios de Psicología, 29(2), 173-180.
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  • Şimşek, M. Ş., Çelik, A., & Akgemci, T. (2015). Davranış bilimlerine giriş ve örgütlerde davranış (Yenilenmiş 9. baskı). Konya: Eğitim Yayınevi. Ss. 3-29
  • Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2007). Using Multivariate Statistics (5th ed.). New York: Allyn and Bacon.
  • Teques, P., Calmeiro, L., Silva, C., & Borrego, C. (2020). Validation and adaptation of the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PACES) in fitness group exercisers. Journal of Sport and Health Science, 9(4), 352-357.
  • Wankel, L. M. (1993). The importance of enjoyment to adherence and psychological benefits fromphysical activity. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 24, 151–69
  • Wininger, S. R., & Pargman, D. (2003). Assessment of Factors Associated with Exercise Enjoyment. Journal of Music Therapy, 40(1), 57–73. doi:10.1093/jmt/40.1.57
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  • Yannakakis, G. N., Maragoudakis, M., & Hallam, J. (2009). Preference learning for cognitive modeling: a case study on entertainment preferences. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics - Part A: Systems and Humans, 39(6), 1165–1175. doi:10.1109/tsmca.2009.2028152
Toplam 69 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Burhan Özkurt 0000-0001-9745-9624

Hüseyin Fatih Küçükibiş 0000-0002-3973-2837

Ersin Eskiler 0000-0001-7617-2958

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Nisan 2022
Kabul Tarihi 27 Ekim 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 10 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Özkurt, B., Küçükibiş, H. F., & Eskiler, E. (2022). Fiziksel Aktivitelerden Keyif Alma Ölçeği (FAKÖ): Türk Kültürüne Uyarlama, Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması. Anemon Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 10(1), 21-37. https://doi.org/10.18506/anemon.976300

Anemon Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi Creative Commons Atıf-GayriTicari 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı (CC BY NC) ile lisanslanmıştır.