Research Article
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Year 2023, Volume: 25 Issue: 3, 369 - 378, 31.12.2023

Abstract

References

  • 1. Adıgüzel, N. S. (2018). Basketbol hakemlerinin fiziksel öz saygıları ile öz yeterlilikleri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. Ulusal Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 2(2), 129-137.
  • 2. Anshel, M. H., & Weinberg, R. S. (1996). Coping with acute stress among American and Australian basketball referees. Journal of Sport Behavior, 19, 180e203.
  • 3. Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New York: Freeman.
  • 4. Baştuğ, G., Duman, S., Akçakoyun, F. ve Karadeniz, F. (2016). Futbol hakemlerinde; stres, özgüven, karar verme. Journal of Human Sciences, 13(3), 5399-5406.
  • 5. Büyüköztürk, Ş., Çakmak, E.K., Akgün, Ö.E., Karadeniz, Ş., Demirel, F. (2017). Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemleri. Pegem Atıf İndeksi, 2017, 1-360.
  • 6. Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2011). Sosyal Bilimler için Veri Analizi El Kitabı. Ankara: Pegem Akademi. Sayfa 44.
  • 7. Castillo-Rodríguez, A., Muñoz-Arjona, C., & Onetti-Onetti, W. (2022). National vs. Non-National Soccer Referee: Physiological, Physical, and Psychological Characteristics. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 93(4), 804-812.
  • 8. Ceylan, T., Ermiş, E., Ceylan, L., & Erilli, N.A. (2020). Futbol hakemlerinin sargınlık ve öz yeterlik düzeylerinin incelenmesi. Journal of International Social Research, 13(75).
  • 9. Clegg, R., & Thompson, W. A. (1993). Modern sports officiating: a practical guide (No. Ed. 5). Brown & Benchmark
  • 10. Cyert, R.M., Davidson, H.J. (1962). Statistical Sampling for Accounting Information, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, pp. 116–127.
  • 11. Dereceli, C., Huseyin, U., & Erbaş, M. K. (2019). Investigation of Self-Efficacy Levels of Football Referees. Sakarya University Journal of Education, 9(1), 69-82.
  • 12. Diotaiuti, P., Falese, L., Mancone, S. & Purromuto, F. (2017). A Structural Model of Self-efficacy in Handball Referees. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, 8-11.
  • 13. e Pina, J. A., Passos, A. M., Maynard, M. T., & Sinval, J. (2021). Self-efficacy, mental models and team adaptation: A first approach on football and futsal refereeing. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 52, 101787.
  • 14. Gilson, T. A., & Feltz, D. L. (2012). Self-efficacy and motivation in physical activity and sport: Mediating processes and outcomes. Advances in motivation in sport and exercise, 271-297.
  • 15. Guillén, F., Feltz, D. L. (2011). A conceptual model of referee efficacy. Frontiers in Psychology, 2, 25.
  • 16. International Tennis Federation, (ITF), (2023) https://www.itftennis.com/en/growing-the-game/officiating/ (Date of Access: 24.02.2023)
  • 17. ITF World Tennis Tour Minimum Offıciating Requirements 2023
  • 18. Johansen, B. T., Ommundsen, Y., & Haugen, T. (2018). Referee efficacy in the context of Norwegian soccer referees–A meaningful construct? Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 38, 184-191.
  • 19. Kang, H. (2021). Sample size determination and power analysis using the G* Power software. Journal Of Educational Evaluation For Health Professions, 18.
  • 20. Karacam, A., & Adiguzel, N. S. (2019). Examining the relationship between referee performance and self-efficacy. European Journal of Educational Research, 8(1), 377-382.
  • 21. Karaçam, A., & Pulur, A. (2019). Hakemlerin problem çözme becerileri ile öz yeterlikleri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. Gaziantep Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 4(1), 115-130.
  • 22. Karaçam, A., Pulur, A. (2017a). Hakem öz yeterlik ölçeğinin (HÖYÖ) Türkçe’ye uyarlama çalışması. Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 11(1), 118-128.
  • 23. Karaçam, A., Pulur, A. (2017b). Examining the relationship between referee self-efficacy and general self-efficacy levels of football, basketball, and handball referees. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 5, 9, 1571-1579. https://doi.org/10.11114/jets.v5i8.2450.
  • 24. Karafil, A.Y., & Akgül, M.H. (2021). Investigation on self-efficacy on job satisfaction of soccer referees. Kinesiologia Slovenica, 27(3), 70-82.
  • 25. Karasar, N. (2007). Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemi. Ankara: Nobel Yayın Dağıtım Ltd. Şti.
  • 26. Kıratlı, E. & İkizler, H. C. (2020). Tenis hakemlerinin empatik eğilim düzeyleri ve karar verme stillerinin incelenmesi. Spormetre Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 19(2), 102-111.
  • 27. Koçak, Ç.V. (2019). Voleybol hakemlerinin hakem öz yeterlik düzeylerinin incelenmesi. Spormetre Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 17(2), 33-40.
  • 28. Kotaman, H. (2008). Özyeterlilik inancı ve öğrenme performansının geliştirilmesine ilişkin yazın taraması. Uludağ Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 21(1), 111-133.
  • 29. Leveaux, R. R. (2010). Facilitating referee's decision-making in sports via the application of technology. Communications of the IBIMA.
  • 30. López-Aguilar, J., Burgueño, R., Castillo-Rodriguez, A., & Onetti-Onetti, W. (2022). Analyzing the relationship between self-efficacy and impulsivity in amateur soccer referees. PeerJ, 10, e13058.
  • 31. López-Aguilar, J., Castillo-Rodriguez, A., Chinchilla-Minguet, J.L., Onetti-Onetti, W. (2021). Relationship between age, category, and experience with the soccer referee's self-efficacy. PeerJ 9:e11472 DOI 10.7717/peerj.11472
  • 32. Minumum Officiating Requirements (2023). https://officiating.itftennis.com/rules/certification-fees/
  • 33. Myers, N. D., Feltz, D. L., Guillén, F., & Dithurbide, L. (2012). Development of, and initial validity evidence for, the Referee Self-Efficacy Scale: A multistudy report. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 34(6), 737-765.
  • 34. Number of Officials (2023). https://officiating.itftennis.com/official-search/
  • 35. Öntürk, Y., Bingöl E., Efek E., Bayrakdaroğlu Y. & Görün, L. (2020). The examination of trait anxiety levels of referees in different branches (The sample of Mugla). International Journal of Exercise Physiology, 9(7), 152-159.
  • 36. Popovych, I., Kurova, A., Koval, I., Kazibekova, V., Maksymov, M. & Huzar, V. (2022). Interdependence of emotionality, anxiety, aggressiveness and subjective control in handball referees before the beginning of a game: a comparative analysis. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 22(3), 680-689.
  • 37. Sarıdede, Ç. (2018). Voleybol hakemlerinin öz yeterlik düzeyleri ve karar verme becerilerinin incelenmesi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İstanbul Gelişim Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
  • 38. Spencer, B. D. (2015). Self-efficacy and performance in volleyball referees. Michigan State University. 39. Tabachnick B.G., Fidel L.S. (2013). Using multivariate statistics: International Edition. Pearson 2012.
  • 40. Tojjari, F., Esmaeili, M. R., & Bavandpour, R. (2013). The effect of self-efficacy on job satisfaction of sport referees. European Journal of Experimental Biology, 3(2), 219-225.
  • 41. Tuero, C., Tabernero, B., Marquez, S., & Guillen, F. (2002). Análisis de los factores que influyen en la práctica del arbitraje. (Analysis of the factors affecting the practice of refereeing) Revista Scape, 1(1), 7-16.
  • 42. Varmus, M., Kubina, M., Boško, P., & Mičiak, M. (2022). Application of the perceived popularity of sports to support the sustainable management of sports organizations. Sustainability, 14(3), 1927.
  • 43. Veroutsos, E. (2023). The most popular sports in the world. //https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/what-are-the-most-popular-sports-in-the-world.html
  • 44. Women Tennis. (2023, 24 November). In Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tennis_umpires

Examining the Self-Efficacy Levels of Tennis Officials

Year 2023, Volume: 25 Issue: 3, 369 - 378, 31.12.2023

Abstract

Referees are considered the third most important part of competitive sports after players and coaches. Despite this importance, it has yet to receive the attention it deserves in the literature. Psychological, sociological, and physiological factors may affect the performance of referees. The aim of the study is to examine the self-efficacy levels of tennis officials on selected dimensions. This is a descriptive study that reveals the self-efficacy levels of tennis officials. The research participants comprised 43 female (35%) and 80 male (65%) officials working in international tennis tournaments in 2022 and 2023. "Personal Information Form" which includes demographic information of the officials, and the "Self-efficacy Scale" developed by Myers et al. (2012) are the data collection tools for the study. For the data analysis of paired groups, a t-test was used. A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's post hoc test were employed for more than two groups. In accordance with the analysis result, no statistically significant difference was found in the self-efficacy levels of the officials based on gender, age, and position in the tournament. It was seen that the mean scores of international officials in the sub-dimensions of game knowledge and communication significantly exceeded those of the national officials. Additionally, it was noted that the scores of the officials in these sub-dimensions improved as the number of years they worked increased. The increase in the time spent in officiating provides an increase in the self-efficacy level of the official.

References

  • 1. Adıgüzel, N. S. (2018). Basketbol hakemlerinin fiziksel öz saygıları ile öz yeterlilikleri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. Ulusal Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 2(2), 129-137.
  • 2. Anshel, M. H., & Weinberg, R. S. (1996). Coping with acute stress among American and Australian basketball referees. Journal of Sport Behavior, 19, 180e203.
  • 3. Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New York: Freeman.
  • 4. Baştuğ, G., Duman, S., Akçakoyun, F. ve Karadeniz, F. (2016). Futbol hakemlerinde; stres, özgüven, karar verme. Journal of Human Sciences, 13(3), 5399-5406.
  • 5. Büyüköztürk, Ş., Çakmak, E.K., Akgün, Ö.E., Karadeniz, Ş., Demirel, F. (2017). Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemleri. Pegem Atıf İndeksi, 2017, 1-360.
  • 6. Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2011). Sosyal Bilimler için Veri Analizi El Kitabı. Ankara: Pegem Akademi. Sayfa 44.
  • 7. Castillo-Rodríguez, A., Muñoz-Arjona, C., & Onetti-Onetti, W. (2022). National vs. Non-National Soccer Referee: Physiological, Physical, and Psychological Characteristics. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 93(4), 804-812.
  • 8. Ceylan, T., Ermiş, E., Ceylan, L., & Erilli, N.A. (2020). Futbol hakemlerinin sargınlık ve öz yeterlik düzeylerinin incelenmesi. Journal of International Social Research, 13(75).
  • 9. Clegg, R., & Thompson, W. A. (1993). Modern sports officiating: a practical guide (No. Ed. 5). Brown & Benchmark
  • 10. Cyert, R.M., Davidson, H.J. (1962). Statistical Sampling for Accounting Information, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, pp. 116–127.
  • 11. Dereceli, C., Huseyin, U., & Erbaş, M. K. (2019). Investigation of Self-Efficacy Levels of Football Referees. Sakarya University Journal of Education, 9(1), 69-82.
  • 12. Diotaiuti, P., Falese, L., Mancone, S. & Purromuto, F. (2017). A Structural Model of Self-efficacy in Handball Referees. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, 8-11.
  • 13. e Pina, J. A., Passos, A. M., Maynard, M. T., & Sinval, J. (2021). Self-efficacy, mental models and team adaptation: A first approach on football and futsal refereeing. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 52, 101787.
  • 14. Gilson, T. A., & Feltz, D. L. (2012). Self-efficacy and motivation in physical activity and sport: Mediating processes and outcomes. Advances in motivation in sport and exercise, 271-297.
  • 15. Guillén, F., Feltz, D. L. (2011). A conceptual model of referee efficacy. Frontiers in Psychology, 2, 25.
  • 16. International Tennis Federation, (ITF), (2023) https://www.itftennis.com/en/growing-the-game/officiating/ (Date of Access: 24.02.2023)
  • 17. ITF World Tennis Tour Minimum Offıciating Requirements 2023
  • 18. Johansen, B. T., Ommundsen, Y., & Haugen, T. (2018). Referee efficacy in the context of Norwegian soccer referees–A meaningful construct? Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 38, 184-191.
  • 19. Kang, H. (2021). Sample size determination and power analysis using the G* Power software. Journal Of Educational Evaluation For Health Professions, 18.
  • 20. Karacam, A., & Adiguzel, N. S. (2019). Examining the relationship between referee performance and self-efficacy. European Journal of Educational Research, 8(1), 377-382.
  • 21. Karaçam, A., & Pulur, A. (2019). Hakemlerin problem çözme becerileri ile öz yeterlikleri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. Gaziantep Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 4(1), 115-130.
  • 22. Karaçam, A., Pulur, A. (2017a). Hakem öz yeterlik ölçeğinin (HÖYÖ) Türkçe’ye uyarlama çalışması. Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 11(1), 118-128.
  • 23. Karaçam, A., Pulur, A. (2017b). Examining the relationship between referee self-efficacy and general self-efficacy levels of football, basketball, and handball referees. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 5, 9, 1571-1579. https://doi.org/10.11114/jets.v5i8.2450.
  • 24. Karafil, A.Y., & Akgül, M.H. (2021). Investigation on self-efficacy on job satisfaction of soccer referees. Kinesiologia Slovenica, 27(3), 70-82.
  • 25. Karasar, N. (2007). Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemi. Ankara: Nobel Yayın Dağıtım Ltd. Şti.
  • 26. Kıratlı, E. & İkizler, H. C. (2020). Tenis hakemlerinin empatik eğilim düzeyleri ve karar verme stillerinin incelenmesi. Spormetre Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 19(2), 102-111.
  • 27. Koçak, Ç.V. (2019). Voleybol hakemlerinin hakem öz yeterlik düzeylerinin incelenmesi. Spormetre Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 17(2), 33-40.
  • 28. Kotaman, H. (2008). Özyeterlilik inancı ve öğrenme performansının geliştirilmesine ilişkin yazın taraması. Uludağ Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 21(1), 111-133.
  • 29. Leveaux, R. R. (2010). Facilitating referee's decision-making in sports via the application of technology. Communications of the IBIMA.
  • 30. López-Aguilar, J., Burgueño, R., Castillo-Rodriguez, A., & Onetti-Onetti, W. (2022). Analyzing the relationship between self-efficacy and impulsivity in amateur soccer referees. PeerJ, 10, e13058.
  • 31. López-Aguilar, J., Castillo-Rodriguez, A., Chinchilla-Minguet, J.L., Onetti-Onetti, W. (2021). Relationship between age, category, and experience with the soccer referee's self-efficacy. PeerJ 9:e11472 DOI 10.7717/peerj.11472
  • 32. Minumum Officiating Requirements (2023). https://officiating.itftennis.com/rules/certification-fees/
  • 33. Myers, N. D., Feltz, D. L., Guillén, F., & Dithurbide, L. (2012). Development of, and initial validity evidence for, the Referee Self-Efficacy Scale: A multistudy report. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 34(6), 737-765.
  • 34. Number of Officials (2023). https://officiating.itftennis.com/official-search/
  • 35. Öntürk, Y., Bingöl E., Efek E., Bayrakdaroğlu Y. & Görün, L. (2020). The examination of trait anxiety levels of referees in different branches (The sample of Mugla). International Journal of Exercise Physiology, 9(7), 152-159.
  • 36. Popovych, I., Kurova, A., Koval, I., Kazibekova, V., Maksymov, M. & Huzar, V. (2022). Interdependence of emotionality, anxiety, aggressiveness and subjective control in handball referees before the beginning of a game: a comparative analysis. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 22(3), 680-689.
  • 37. Sarıdede, Ç. (2018). Voleybol hakemlerinin öz yeterlik düzeyleri ve karar verme becerilerinin incelenmesi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İstanbul Gelişim Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
  • 38. Spencer, B. D. (2015). Self-efficacy and performance in volleyball referees. Michigan State University. 39. Tabachnick B.G., Fidel L.S. (2013). Using multivariate statistics: International Edition. Pearson 2012.
  • 40. Tojjari, F., Esmaeili, M. R., & Bavandpour, R. (2013). The effect of self-efficacy on job satisfaction of sport referees. European Journal of Experimental Biology, 3(2), 219-225.
  • 41. Tuero, C., Tabernero, B., Marquez, S., & Guillen, F. (2002). Análisis de los factores que influyen en la práctica del arbitraje. (Analysis of the factors affecting the practice of refereeing) Revista Scape, 1(1), 7-16.
  • 42. Varmus, M., Kubina, M., Boško, P., & Mičiak, M. (2022). Application of the perceived popularity of sports to support the sustainable management of sports organizations. Sustainability, 14(3), 1927.
  • 43. Veroutsos, E. (2023). The most popular sports in the world. //https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/what-are-the-most-popular-sports-in-the-world.html
  • 44. Women Tennis. (2023, 24 November). In Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tennis_umpires
There are 43 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Sports Activity Management
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Soner Sivri 0000-0002-7966-2191

Publication Date December 31, 2023
Acceptance Date December 4, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 25 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Sivri, S. (2023). Examining the Self-Efficacy Levels of Tennis Officials. Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise, 25(3), 369-378.
AMA Sivri S. Examining the Self-Efficacy Levels of Tennis Officials. Turk J Sport Exe. December 2023;25(3):369-378.
Chicago Sivri, Soner. “Examining the Self-Efficacy Levels of Tennis Officials”. Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise 25, no. 3 (December 2023): 369-78.
EndNote Sivri S (December 1, 2023) Examining the Self-Efficacy Levels of Tennis Officials. Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise 25 3 369–378.
IEEE S. Sivri, “Examining the Self-Efficacy Levels of Tennis Officials”, Turk J Sport Exe, vol. 25, no. 3, pp. 369–378, 2023.
ISNAD Sivri, Soner. “Examining the Self-Efficacy Levels of Tennis Officials”. Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise 25/3 (December 2023), 369-378.
JAMA Sivri S. Examining the Self-Efficacy Levels of Tennis Officials. Turk J Sport Exe. 2023;25:369–378.
MLA Sivri, Soner. “Examining the Self-Efficacy Levels of Tennis Officials”. Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise, vol. 25, no. 3, 2023, pp. 369-78.
Vancouver Sivri S. Examining the Self-Efficacy Levels of Tennis Officials. Turk J Sport Exe. 2023;25(3):369-78.

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