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Year 2014, Volume: 16 Issue: 1, 18 - 24, 04.06.2014

Abstract

This study aims to examine the effects of changing rules of wrestling competitions on the elite wrestlers’ muscular damage levels. Twenty male wrestlers from the wrestling team established by the Izmir Metropolitan Municipality, which competes in the 1st Wrestling League, volunteered to take part in the research. The age average of the wrestlers was 20.4±2.8 years, their average age of sports 7.45±4.29 years, their height average 173,8 ±4,97 cm, and weight average 77.4 ±16.22 kg. Some blood samples of 5 cc each were taken from each wrestler’s forearm vein by means of the vacutainer (a closed blood taking system) for the two competitions separately before and after the competitions; and on 24th, 48th, and 72nd hours following the competitions in the research. For looking at the levels of Creatine Kinase (CK), Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH), Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), and Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), serums were obtained by centrifuging the blood samples those taken to determine the levels of the skeletal muscle damages of the wrestlers at 1000 RPM for 20 minutes. The enzyme levels of the blood samples (the serum of which was decomposed) were determined by the SIEMENS ADVIA biochemistry auto-analyzer using the SIEMENS kit. While the repetitive measurements were assessed via one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), the Bonferroni testing was applied in order to determine from which measurement times the differences were originated. The Paired Samples-t testing, meanwhile, was performed in order to compare the blood samples collected from the athletes at same times for the both completed competitions having different rules. No significant difference was observed between AST and ALT values on the aminotransferase of the wrestlers according to two different rules (p˃0.05). Whereas significant differences were confirmed between the values of 48 hours after and 72 hours after the competition for the LDH values (p<0.05), no significant difference, on the other hand, were detected between other values (p˃0.05). Although significant differences were observed between the results obtained following competition and 72 hours after the competition for the CK values (p<0.05), there was no significant difference between other values (p˃0.05). Consequently, it was observed that when the wrestlers took part in two-day wrestling competitions, the basal values were reached 72nd hour after the competition, and no muscle damage remained, whereas when they took part in half-day wrestling competitions it was confirmed at the end of the 72nd hour that the LDH and CK levels of the wrestlers couldn’t come close to the basal and the muscle damage was present (p<0.05)

References

  • Akyüz M. Muscle damage occurring on male football players during competition. Master Thesis, Gazi University, Health Sciences Institute, 2007.
  • Chen TC, Hsieh SS. Effects of a 7-day eccentric training period on muscle damage and inflammation. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 2001; 33(10): 1732-1738.
  • Clarkson PM, Kearns AK, Rouzier P, Rubin R, Thompson PD. Serum creatine kinase levels and renal function measures in exertional muscle damage. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 2006; 38(4): 623.
  • Eston R, Byrne C, Twist C. Muscle function after exercise- induced muscle damage: Considerations for athletic performance in children and adults. Journal of Exercise Science and Fitness, 2003; 1(2): 85-96.
  • Faulkner JA, Brooks SV, Opiteck JA. Injury to skeletal muscle fibers during contractions: conditions of occurrence and prevention. Physical Therapy, 1993; 73(12): 911-921.
  • Harbili S, Gencer E, Ersöz G, Demirel H. Moderate intensity eccentric exercise increases plasma creatine kinase levels without affecting other damage indicators. Selcuk University Journal of Physical Education and Sports Science, 2008; 10 (1): 21-31.
  • Mashiko T, Umeda T, Nakaji S, Sugawara K. Effects of exercise on the physical condition of college rugby players during summer training camp. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 2004; 38(2): 186-190.
  • Nosaka K, Lavender A, Newton M, Sacco P. Muscle damage
  • in resistance training, is muscle damage necessary for strength gain and muscle hypertrophy? International Journal of Sport and Health Science, 2003: 1(1):1-8.
  • Özkan A, Ariburun B, Kin-Işler A. Relationships of body composition, isokinetic knee strength and anaerobic performance in American football players. Turkey Clinics Journal of Sports Sciences, 2009; 1(1): 47.
  • Saengsirisuwan V, Phadungkij S, Pholpramool C. Renal and liver functions and muscle injuries during training and after competition in Thai boxers. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 1998; 32(4): 304-308.
  • Smith LL, Miles MP. Exercise-induced muscle injury and inflammation.In: Exercise and Sport Science, edited by Garrett WE, Kirkendall DT. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams Wilkins, 2000, 401–411.
  • Twist C, Eston R. The effects of exercise-induced muscle damage on performance. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2005; 94(5-6): 652-658. intermittent exercise
  • Vincent HK, Vincent KR. The effect of training status on the serum creatine kinase response, soreness and muscle function following resistance exercise. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 1997; 28(6): 431-437.
  • Walsh B, Tonkonogi M, Malm C, Ekblom B, Sahlin K. Effect of eccentric exercise on muscle oxidative metabolism in humans. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 2001; 33(3): 436- 441.
  • Yilmaz U. Effects of 2 weeks applied vitamin e loading on the development of anaerobic threshold. Master Thesis. Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, 2002.

A study examining the effects of changed rules of wrestling competitions on the muscular damage levels of the elite wrestlers

Year 2014, Volume: 16 Issue: 1, 18 - 24, 04.06.2014

Abstract

This study aims to examine the effects of changing rules of wrestling competitions on the elite wrestlers' muscular damage levels. Twenty male wrestlers from the wrestling team established by the Izmir Metropolitan Municipality, which competes in the 1st Wrestling League, volunteered to take part in the research. The age average of the wrestlers was 20.4±2.8 years, their average age of sports 7.45±4.29 years, their height average 173,8 ±4,97 cm, and weight average 77.4 ±16.22 kg. Some blood samples of 5 cc each were taken from each wrestler's forearm vein by means of the vacutainer (a closed blood taking system) for the two competitions separately before and after the competitions; and on 24th, 48th, and 72nd hours following the competitions in the research. For looking at the levels of Creatine Kinase (CK), Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH), Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), and Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), serums were obtained by centrifuging the blood samples those taken to determine the levels of the skeletal muscle damages of the wrestlers at 1000 RPM for 20 minutes. The enzyme levels of the blood samples (the serum of which was decomposed) were determined by the SIEMENS ADVIA biochemistry auto-analyzer using the SIEMENS kit. While the repetitive measurements were assessed via one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), the Bonferroni testing was applied in order to determine from which measurement times the differences were originated. The Paired Samples-ttesting, meanwhile, was performed in order to compare the blood samples collected from the athletes at same times for the both completed competitions having different rules. No significant difference was observed between AST and ALT values on the aminotransferase of the wrestlers according to two different rules (p˃0.05). Whereas significant differences were confirmed between the values of 48 hours after and 72 hours after the competition for the LDH values (p<0.05), no significant difference, on the other hand, were detected between other values (p˃0.05). Although significant differences were observed between the results obtained following competition and 72 hours after the competition for the CK values (p<0.05), there was no significant difference between other values (p˃0.05). Consequently, it was observed that when the wrestlers took part in two-day wrestling competitions, the basal values were reached 72nd hour after the competition, and no muscle damage remained, whereas when they took part in half-day wrestling competitions it was confirmed at the end of the 72nd hour that the LDH and CK levels of the wrestlers couldn't come close to the basal and the muscle damage was present (p<0.05).

References

  • Akyüz M. Muscle damage occurring on male football players during competition. Master Thesis, Gazi University, Health Sciences Institute, 2007.
  • Chen TC, Hsieh SS. Effects of a 7-day eccentric training period on muscle damage and inflammation. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 2001; 33(10): 1732-1738.
  • Clarkson PM, Kearns AK, Rouzier P, Rubin R, Thompson PD. Serum creatine kinase levels and renal function measures in exertional muscle damage. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 2006; 38(4): 623.
  • Eston R, Byrne C, Twist C. Muscle function after exercise- induced muscle damage: Considerations for athletic performance in children and adults. Journal of Exercise Science and Fitness, 2003; 1(2): 85-96.
  • Faulkner JA, Brooks SV, Opiteck JA. Injury to skeletal muscle fibers during contractions: conditions of occurrence and prevention. Physical Therapy, 1993; 73(12): 911-921.
  • Harbili S, Gencer E, Ersöz G, Demirel H. Moderate intensity eccentric exercise increases plasma creatine kinase levels without affecting other damage indicators. Selcuk University Journal of Physical Education and Sports Science, 2008; 10 (1): 21-31.
  • Mashiko T, Umeda T, Nakaji S, Sugawara K. Effects of exercise on the physical condition of college rugby players during summer training camp. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 2004; 38(2): 186-190.
  • Nosaka K, Lavender A, Newton M, Sacco P. Muscle damage
  • in resistance training, is muscle damage necessary for strength gain and muscle hypertrophy? International Journal of Sport and Health Science, 2003: 1(1):1-8.
  • Özkan A, Ariburun B, Kin-Işler A. Relationships of body composition, isokinetic knee strength and anaerobic performance in American football players. Turkey Clinics Journal of Sports Sciences, 2009; 1(1): 47.
  • Saengsirisuwan V, Phadungkij S, Pholpramool C. Renal and liver functions and muscle injuries during training and after competition in Thai boxers. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 1998; 32(4): 304-308.
  • Smith LL, Miles MP. Exercise-induced muscle injury and inflammation.In: Exercise and Sport Science, edited by Garrett WE, Kirkendall DT. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams Wilkins, 2000, 401–411.
  • Twist C, Eston R. The effects of exercise-induced muscle damage on performance. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2005; 94(5-6): 652-658. intermittent exercise
  • Vincent HK, Vincent KR. The effect of training status on the serum creatine kinase response, soreness and muscle function following resistance exercise. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 1997; 28(6): 431-437.
  • Walsh B, Tonkonogi M, Malm C, Ekblom B, Sahlin K. Effect of eccentric exercise on muscle oxidative metabolism in humans. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 2001; 33(3): 436- 441.
  • Yilmaz U. Effects of 2 weeks applied vitamin e loading on the development of anaerobic threshold. Master Thesis. Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, 2002.
There are 16 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Ozkan Isık

C. Berkan Alpay This is me

Serkan Hazar This is me

Hasan Eker This is me

Publication Date June 4, 2014
Published in Issue Year 2014 Volume: 16 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Isık, O., Alpay, C. B., Hazar, S., Eker, H. (2014). A study examining the effects of changed rules of wrestling competitions on the muscular damage levels of the elite wrestlers. Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise, 16(1), 18-24. https://doi.org/10.15314/tjse.15105
AMA Isık O, Alpay CB, Hazar S, Eker H. A study examining the effects of changed rules of wrestling competitions on the muscular damage levels of the elite wrestlers. Turk J Sport Exe. June 2014;16(1):18-24. doi:10.15314/tjse.15105
Chicago Isık, Ozkan, C. Berkan Alpay, Serkan Hazar, and Hasan Eker. “A Study Examining the Effects of Changed Rules of Wrestling Competitions on the Muscular Damage Levels of the Elite Wrestlers”. Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise 16, no. 1 (June 2014): 18-24. https://doi.org/10.15314/tjse.15105.
EndNote Isık O, Alpay CB, Hazar S, Eker H (June 1, 2014) A study examining the effects of changed rules of wrestling competitions on the muscular damage levels of the elite wrestlers. Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise 16 1 18–24.
IEEE O. Isık, C. B. Alpay, S. Hazar, and H. Eker, “A study examining the effects of changed rules of wrestling competitions on the muscular damage levels of the elite wrestlers”, Turk J Sport Exe, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 18–24, 2014, doi: 10.15314/tjse.15105.
ISNAD Isık, Ozkan et al. “A Study Examining the Effects of Changed Rules of Wrestling Competitions on the Muscular Damage Levels of the Elite Wrestlers”. Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise 16/1 (June 2014), 18-24. https://doi.org/10.15314/tjse.15105.
JAMA Isık O, Alpay CB, Hazar S, Eker H. A study examining the effects of changed rules of wrestling competitions on the muscular damage levels of the elite wrestlers. Turk J Sport Exe. 2014;16:18–24.
MLA Isık, Ozkan et al. “A Study Examining the Effects of Changed Rules of Wrestling Competitions on the Muscular Damage Levels of the Elite Wrestlers”. Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise, vol. 16, no. 1, 2014, pp. 18-24, doi:10.15314/tjse.15105.
Vancouver Isık O, Alpay CB, Hazar S, Eker H. A study examining the effects of changed rules of wrestling competitions on the muscular damage levels of the elite wrestlers. Turk J Sport Exe. 2014;16(1):18-24.

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