Abstract
Aim: It is the examination of the relationship between mindfulness, competitive state anxiety and track performance in athletes. In addition, another aim of the study is to examine the effects of mindfulness levels of athletes on competitive state anxiety and track performance. Material and Method: The study group was determined according to the convenience sampling method in the study, in which the survey model, one of the quantitative research methods, was used. The sample of the research consisted of 292 (Female=95 and Male=197) athletes. The necessary institutional permission and ethics committee permission have been obtained for the research. The data were collected with the Mindfulness Inventory For Sport, Competition State Anxiety Inventory-2 and track performance information, as well as demographic information created by the researchers. Before the analysis, the assumption of normality was checked and descriptive statistics were determined. Then, relational (Pearson) and comparative (MANOVA and ANOVA) inferential statistical tests were performed. Significance is p=0.05. Results: In athletes, there is a negative aspect weak level between mindfulness and cognitive anxiety (r=-0.15, p<0.01) and physical anxiety (r=-0.19, p<0.01), in athletes, positive and weak level between mindfulness and track performance (r=0.15, p<0.01); a positive moderate (r=0.31, p<0.01) significant relationship was found between mindfulness and self-confidence. Athletes with high levels of mindfulness experienced significantly lower levels of physical anxiety (x̄=15.87±6.75) and felt higher levels of self-confidence (x̄=35.53±4.733). Again, it was found that athletes with a high level of conscious awareness had a significantly higher level of track performance (x=33.72±30.74). Conclusion and Suggestions: With the high level of mindfulness of the athletes, their self-confidence can increase and their physical anxiety can decrease. Similarly, high mindfulness can increase the performance of athletes.
References
- Akgönül Kürkçü, E., Tez Yavaş, Ö., & Aras, D. (2021). The validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the revised competitive sport anxiety ınventory-2. Eurasian Journal of Sport Sciences and Education, 3(1), 61-80. https://doi.org/10.47778/ejsse.935935
- Aktepe, İ., & Tolan, Ö. (2020). Mindfulness: A current review. Current Approaches in Psychiatry, 12(4), 534-561. https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.692250
- Beşer, B. (2023). How athletes can cope with anxiety? Ankara: Turkish National Olympic Committee Academy. Access Date: 27.02.2023, https://akademi.olimpiyat.org.tr/sporcular-kaygi-ile-nasil-bas-edebilir/
- Bühlmayer, L., Birrer, D., Röthlin, P., Faude, O., & Donath, L. (2017). Effects of mindfulness practice on performance-relevant parameters and performance outcomes in sports: A meta-analytical review. Sports Medicine, 47, 2309-2321. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-017-0752-9
- Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2013). Sosyal bilimler için veri analizi el kitabı. [Manual of data analysis for social sciences]. Ankara: Pegem.
- Cerit, E., Gümüşdağ, H., Evli, F., Şahin, S., & Bastık, C. (2013). Elite women basketball players prior to competition and performance of the relationship between the levels of anxiety. Sport Sciences, 8(1), 26-34.
- Cheng, W. N. K., Hardy, L., & Markland, D. (2009). Toward a three-dimensional conceptualization of performance anxiety: Rationale and initial measurement development. Psychology of sport and exercise, 10(2), 271-278. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2008.08.001
- Cohen, L., Manion, L., & Morrison, K. (2018). Research methods in education. (8th Ed.). New York: Abingdon, Oxon.
- Cox, R. H., Martens, M. P., & Russell, W. D. (2003). Measuring anxiety in athletics: The revised competitive state anxiety inventory–2. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 25(4), 519-533. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.25.4.519
- Demir, V. (2017). Effects of mindfulness based cognitive therapy on the anxiety levels of university students. International Journal of Society Researches, 7(12), 98-118.
- Eubank, M., & Gilbourne, D. (2003). Stress, performance and motivation theory. In Science and soccer (pp. 222-237). Routledge.
- George, D., & Mallery, P. (2016). Credits. In IBM SPSS Statistics 23 Step by Step (pp. 389-390). Routledge.
- Gültekin Arayıcı, S. & Arayıcı, M. E. (2022, March 18-19). Psychological resilience in cancer patients: a literature review. [Paper presentation]. 4th International Positive Psychology Congress, İstanbul.
- Kabat-Zinn, J. (2021). The healing power of mindfulness. (F. Tarımtay Altun & G. Demirci, Trans.), Istanbul: Diyojen Publishing.
- Kırşehir Ahi Evran Üniversitesi (2022). Kırşehir Ahi Evran University Faculty of Sport Sciences 2021-2022 Special Talent Test Guide. Access Date: 31.12.2022, https://www.ahievran.edu.tr/arsiv-genel-duyurular/7330-spor-bilimleri-fakultesi-ozel-yetenek-sinavi-basvuru-suresi-hakkinda
- Kısmetoğlu, G. (2019). Analysis of the relationship between emotion regulation, conscious mindfulness skills and anxiety levels in adolescents of ages 15-18. (Tez No:588663). [Master Thesis. Istanbul Gelisim University Institute of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology). Division of Clinical Psychology, Istanbul. YÖK Thesis Center.
- Mullen, R., Jones, E. S., Oliver, S., & Hardy, L. (2016). Anxiety and motor performance: More evidence for the effectiveness of holistic process goals as a solution to the process goal paradox. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 27, 142-149.
- Özerkan, K. N. (2003). The relationship between the level of pre-competition anxiety and performance ın basketball players. Istanbul University Journal of Sport Sciences, 11(3), 4-6.
- Pallant, J. (2005). SPSS survival manual: A step by step guide to data analysis using SPSS for windows. (Balcı & Ahi, 2017, Trans.), Australia: Australian Copyright.
- Roemer, L., & Orsillo, S. M. (2002). Expanding our conceptualization of and treatment for generalized anxiety disorder: Integrating mindfulness/acceptance-based approaches with existing cognitive-behavioral models. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 9(1), 54-68. https://doi.org/10.1093/clipsy.9.1.54
- Thienot, E., Jackson, B., Dimmock, J., Grove, J. R., Bernier, M., & Fournier, J. F. (2014). Development and preliminary validation of the mindfulness inventory for sport. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 15(1), 72-80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2013.10.003
- Tingaz, E. O. (2020). Adaptatıon of the mindfulness inventory for sport into Turkish: a validity and reliability study. SPORMETRE. Journal of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, 18(1), 71-80. https://doi.org/10.33689/spormetre.642682
- Yalçın, S., Bilgin, U., & Tingaz, E. O. (2023). The relationship between mindfulness and competitive anxiety: A study on female volleyball players. Gazi Journal of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, 28(1), 42-47. https://doi.org/10.53434/gbesbd.1118432
Abstract
Amaç: Sporcularda bilinçli farkındalık, yarışmasal durumluk kaygı ve parkur performansı arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesidir. Ayrıca, sporcuların bilinçli farkındalık düzeylerinin yarışmasal durumluk kaygı ve parkur performansı üzerindeki etkisini incelemek araştırmanın bir diğer amacıdır. Materyal ve Metot: Nicel araştırma yöntemlerinden tarama modeli kullanılan araştırmada çalışma grubu kolayda örnekleme yöntemine göre belirlenmiştir. Araştırmanın örneklemini 292 (Kadın=95 ve Erkek=197) sporcu oluşturmuştur. Araştırma için gerekli kurum izni ve etik kurul izni alınmıştır. Veriler, araştırmacılar tarafından oluşturulan demografik bilgilerin yanı sıra Sporcu Bilinçli Farkındalık (Mindfulness) Ölçeği, Yarışma Durumluk Kaygı Envanteri-2 ve parkur performansı bilgileri ile toplanmıştır. Analiz öncesinde normallik varsayımına bakılmış olup tanımlayıcı istatistikler belirlenmiştir. Daha sonra, ilişkisel (Pearson) ve karşılaştırmalı (MANOVA ve ANOVA) çıkarımsal istatistiksel testler yapılmıştır. Anlamlılık p=0.05’tir. Bulgular: Sporcularda bilinçli farkındalık ile bilişsel kaygı (r=-0.15, p<0.01) ve bedensel kaygı (r=-0.19, p<0.01) arasında negatif yönlü zayıf düzeyde; bilinçli farkındalık ile parkur performansı arasında pozitif yönde zayıf düzeyde (r=0.15, p<0.01); bilinçli farkındalık ile kendine güven arasında pozitif yönde orta düzeyde (r=0.31, p<0.01) anlamlı ilişkiler tespit edilmiştir. Bilinçli farkındalık düzeyi yüksek sporcuların anlamlı bir şekilde daha düşük düzeyde bedensel kaygı yaşadıkları (x̄=15.87±6.75) ve daha yüksek düzeyde kendine güven hissettikleri (x̄=35.53±4.733) görülmüştür. Yine, bilinçli farkındalık düzeyi yüksek sporcuların anlamlı bir şekilde daha yüksek düzeyde parkur becerilerine sahip oldukları görülmüştür (x̄=33.72±30.74). Sonuç ve Öneriler: Sporcuların bilinçli farkındalık düzeylerinin yüksek olması ile kendine güvenleri artabilir ve bedensel kaygıları azalabilir. Benzer şekilde, yüksek bilinçli farkındalık sporcuların performanslarında artış sağlayabilir.
References
- Akgönül Kürkçü, E., Tez Yavaş, Ö., & Aras, D. (2021). The validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the revised competitive sport anxiety ınventory-2. Eurasian Journal of Sport Sciences and Education, 3(1), 61-80. https://doi.org/10.47778/ejsse.935935
- Aktepe, İ., & Tolan, Ö. (2020). Mindfulness: A current review. Current Approaches in Psychiatry, 12(4), 534-561. https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.692250
- Beşer, B. (2023). How athletes can cope with anxiety? Ankara: Turkish National Olympic Committee Academy. Access Date: 27.02.2023, https://akademi.olimpiyat.org.tr/sporcular-kaygi-ile-nasil-bas-edebilir/
- Bühlmayer, L., Birrer, D., Röthlin, P., Faude, O., & Donath, L. (2017). Effects of mindfulness practice on performance-relevant parameters and performance outcomes in sports: A meta-analytical review. Sports Medicine, 47, 2309-2321. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-017-0752-9
- Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2013). Sosyal bilimler için veri analizi el kitabı. [Manual of data analysis for social sciences]. Ankara: Pegem.
- Cerit, E., Gümüşdağ, H., Evli, F., Şahin, S., & Bastık, C. (2013). Elite women basketball players prior to competition and performance of the relationship between the levels of anxiety. Sport Sciences, 8(1), 26-34.
- Cheng, W. N. K., Hardy, L., & Markland, D. (2009). Toward a three-dimensional conceptualization of performance anxiety: Rationale and initial measurement development. Psychology of sport and exercise, 10(2), 271-278. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2008.08.001
- Cohen, L., Manion, L., & Morrison, K. (2018). Research methods in education. (8th Ed.). New York: Abingdon, Oxon.
- Cox, R. H., Martens, M. P., & Russell, W. D. (2003). Measuring anxiety in athletics: The revised competitive state anxiety inventory–2. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 25(4), 519-533. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.25.4.519
- Demir, V. (2017). Effects of mindfulness based cognitive therapy on the anxiety levels of university students. International Journal of Society Researches, 7(12), 98-118.
- Eubank, M., & Gilbourne, D. (2003). Stress, performance and motivation theory. In Science and soccer (pp. 222-237). Routledge.
- George, D., & Mallery, P. (2016). Credits. In IBM SPSS Statistics 23 Step by Step (pp. 389-390). Routledge.
- Gültekin Arayıcı, S. & Arayıcı, M. E. (2022, March 18-19). Psychological resilience in cancer patients: a literature review. [Paper presentation]. 4th International Positive Psychology Congress, İstanbul.
- Kabat-Zinn, J. (2021). The healing power of mindfulness. (F. Tarımtay Altun & G. Demirci, Trans.), Istanbul: Diyojen Publishing.
- Kırşehir Ahi Evran Üniversitesi (2022). Kırşehir Ahi Evran University Faculty of Sport Sciences 2021-2022 Special Talent Test Guide. Access Date: 31.12.2022, https://www.ahievran.edu.tr/arsiv-genel-duyurular/7330-spor-bilimleri-fakultesi-ozel-yetenek-sinavi-basvuru-suresi-hakkinda
- Kısmetoğlu, G. (2019). Analysis of the relationship between emotion regulation, conscious mindfulness skills and anxiety levels in adolescents of ages 15-18. (Tez No:588663). [Master Thesis. Istanbul Gelisim University Institute of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology). Division of Clinical Psychology, Istanbul. YÖK Thesis Center.
- Mullen, R., Jones, E. S., Oliver, S., & Hardy, L. (2016). Anxiety and motor performance: More evidence for the effectiveness of holistic process goals as a solution to the process goal paradox. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 27, 142-149.
- Özerkan, K. N. (2003). The relationship between the level of pre-competition anxiety and performance ın basketball players. Istanbul University Journal of Sport Sciences, 11(3), 4-6.
- Pallant, J. (2005). SPSS survival manual: A step by step guide to data analysis using SPSS for windows. (Balcı & Ahi, 2017, Trans.), Australia: Australian Copyright.
- Roemer, L., & Orsillo, S. M. (2002). Expanding our conceptualization of and treatment for generalized anxiety disorder: Integrating mindfulness/acceptance-based approaches with existing cognitive-behavioral models. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 9(1), 54-68. https://doi.org/10.1093/clipsy.9.1.54
- Thienot, E., Jackson, B., Dimmock, J., Grove, J. R., Bernier, M., & Fournier, J. F. (2014). Development and preliminary validation of the mindfulness inventory for sport. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 15(1), 72-80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2013.10.003
- Tingaz, E. O. (2020). Adaptatıon of the mindfulness inventory for sport into Turkish: a validity and reliability study. SPORMETRE. Journal of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, 18(1), 71-80. https://doi.org/10.33689/spormetre.642682
- Yalçın, S., Bilgin, U., & Tingaz, E. O. (2023). The relationship between mindfulness and competitive anxiety: A study on female volleyball players. Gazi Journal of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, 28(1), 42-47. https://doi.org/10.53434/gbesbd.1118432
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Other Fields of Education |
| Journal Section | Research Articles |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | July 31, 2023 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2023 Volume: 7 Issue: 2 |
