Research Article
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A Research Investigating the Role of Perceived Self-Efficacy in the Relationship Between Perceived Social Support and Stress Coping Mechanisms

Year 2019, Volume: 17 Issue: 2, 132 - 144, 30.06.2019
https://doi.org/10.33689/spormetre.500792

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to investigate the
role of young adults’ perceived self-efficacy in the relationship between their
perceptions of social support and stress coping mechanisms.
The research group
consists of 429 students of sports sciences enrolled in Manisa Celal Bayar
University Faculty of Sports Sciences as of 2017-2018 spring semester. The
findings show that all three subscales of perceived social support are
positively and moderately correlated with effective coping mechanisms. Findings
also reveal the significant interactive effect of perceived social support and
general self-efficacy on effective coping mechanisms. This finding provides
evidence that general self-efficacy has a moderating role in the relationship
between social support and effective coping mechanisms. In conclusion, young
adults resort to effective coping mechanisms more frequently if they perceive
their families, friends and significant others’ support. General self-efficacy
plays a moderating role in this relationship. 

References

  • Averill J.R. (1973). Personal control over aversive stimuli and its relationship to stress. Psychological bulletin, 80(4), 286-303.http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/h0034845.
  • Baltaş A., Baltas Z. (1996). Stres ve basa çıkma yolları. İstanbul: Remzi Kitabevi.
  • Bandura A. (1977). Self-efficacy: toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological review, 84(2), 191-215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.84.2.191.
  • Bandura A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
  • Bandura A. (1990). Perceived self-efficacy in the exercise of control over AIDS infection. Evaluation and Program Planning, 13(1), 9–17. doi:10.1016/0149-7189(90)90004-g.
  • Bandura A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New York: Freeman.
  • Baqutayan S. (2011). Stress and social support. Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine, 33(1), 29-34.
  • Button L. A. (2008). Effect of social support and coping strategies on the relationship between health care-related occupational stress and health, Journal of Research in Nursing, 13(6), 498-524.
  • Byrne B. M. (2010). Structural equation modeling with AMOS: Basic concepts, applications, and programming (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Routledge Academic.
  • Clara I.P., Cox B. J., Enns M.W., Murray L.T., Torqrudc L.J. (2003). Confirmatory factor analysis of the multidimensional scale of perceived social support in clinically distressed and student samples. Journal of Personality Assessment, 81(3), 265-270.
  • Cobb S. (1976). Support as a mediator of life stress. Psychosomatic Medicine, 38(5), 300–314.
  • Cohen S., Syme S.L. (1985). Issues in the study and application of social support. Cohen, S., & Syme, S.L. (Ed.), Social Support and Health içinde. (3-22). San Francisco: Academic Press.
  • Cohen S., Wills T.A. (1985). Stress, social support, and the buffering hypothesis. Psychological Bulletin, 98(2), 310-357.
  • Cohen S., Underwood L. G., Gottlieb B. H. (Eds.). (2000). Social support measurement and intervention: A guide for health and social scientists. New York, NY, US: Oxford University Press. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med:psych/9780195126709.001.0001.
  • Corrigan P. (2004). How stigma interferes with mental health care. American psychologist, 59(7), 614-625.
  • Corrigan P.W., Watson A.C., Barr L. (2006). The self–stigma of mental illness: Implications for self–esteem and self–efficacy. Journal of social and clinical psychology, 25(8), 875-884.
  • Çavuş M. F., Pekkan N. Ü. (2017). Algılanan sosyal desteğin sosyal girişimciliğe etkisi: üniversite öğrencileri üzerinde bir araştırma. Business and Economics Research Journal, 8(3), 519-532. DOI:10.20409/berj.2017.64.
  • Çebi E. (2009). University students’ attitudes toward seeking psychological help: Effects of percieved social support, psychological distress, prior help-seeking experience and gender. Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi. Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Ankara.
  • Çeçen A. R. (2008). Öğrencilerin cinsiyetlerine ve ana baba tutum algılarına göre yalnızlık ve sosyal destek düzeylerinin incelenmesi. Türk Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 6(3), 415-431.
  • Eker D., Arkar H., Yaldız H. (2001). Çok Boyutlu Algılanan Sosyal Destek Ölçeği’nin gözden geçirilmiş formunun faktör yapısı geçerlik ve güvenirliği. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi, 12(1), 17-25.
  • Gottlieb B.H. (1983). Social support as a focus for integrative research in psychology. American Psychologist, 38(3), 278-287.
  • Hisli-Şahin N., Durak A. (1995). Üniversite öğrencileri için bir stresle başa çıkma tarzı ölçeği. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi, 10, 56-73.
  • Hisli-Şahin N. (1994). Stresle başa çıkma yolları: olumlu bir yaklaşım. Türk psikologlar derneği yayınları, Ankara.
  • Hisli-Şahin N. (1998). Stresle Basa Çıkma Olumlu Bir Yaklaşım. Ankara: Türk Psikologlar Derneği Yayınları.
  • Hisli-Şahin N., Güler M., Basım H. N. (2009). A tipi kişilik örüntüsünde bilişsel ve duygusal zekânın stresle başa çıkma ve stres belirtileri ile ilişkisi. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi, 20(3), 243-254.
  • Hofstede G. (1980).Cculture's consequences:International differences in work-related values. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
  • House J. S. (1981). Work stress and social support. Reading, Mass: Addison-Wesley.
  • Jenkins R., Elliott P. (2004). Stressors, burnout and social support: Nurses in acute mental health settings. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 48(6), 622–631.
  • Kline R. B. (2010). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (3rd ed.). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
  • Lazarus R.S., Folkman S. (1986). Cognitive theories of stress and the issue of circularity. In: Appley M.H., Trumbull R. (Eds) Dynamics of Stress. The Plenum Series on Stress and Coping. Springer, Boston, MA.
  • Lazarus R.S. (1999). Stress and emotion: A new synthesis. New York: Springer.
  • Lazarus R.S., Folkman S. (1984). Stress, appraisal, and coping. New York: Springer.
  • Lin N. (1986). Conceptualizing social support. In Nan Lin, Alfred Dean, & Walter Ensel (Eds), Social Support, Life Events and Depression. Orlando: Academic Press. pp. 17-30.
  • Lirio P., Lituchy T.R., Monserrat S.I., Olivas-Lujan M.R., Duffy J.A., Fox S., Gregory A., Punnet B.J., Santos N. (2007). Exploring career-life success and family social support of successful women in Canada, Argentina and Mexico. Career Development International, 12(1), 28-50.
  • Lyrakos D.G. (2012). The impact of stress, social support, self-efficacy and coping on university students, a multicultural European study, Psychology, 3(2), 143-149.
  • Masten R., Tusak M., Zalar B., Ziherl S. (2009). Stress, coping and social support in three groups of university students. Psychiatria Danubina, 21(1), 41-48.
  • Ptacek J.T. (1996). The role of attachment in perceived support and the stress and coping process. In Handbook of social support and the family (pp. 495-520). Boston, MA: Springer.
  • Robbins P. R., Tanck R. H. (2001). University students’ preffered choices for social support. The Journal of Social Psychology, 135 (6), 775-776.
  • Rodriguez N., Mira C.B., Myers H.F., Morris J.K., Cardoza D. (2003). Family or friends: Who plays a greater supportive role for Latino college students? Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 9(3), 236-250.
  • Rowshan A. (1998). Stres yönetimi. Çev.: Şahin Cüceloğlu: İstanbul: Sistem Yayıncılık.
  • Schwarzer R., Jerusalem M. (1995). Generalized Self-Efficacy scale. In J. Weinman, S. Wright, & M. Johnston, Measures in health psychology: A user’s portfolio. Causal and control beliefs (pp. 35-37). Windsor, UK: NFER-Nelson.
  • Shen H., Cheng Y., Tsai P., Lee S., Guo Y. (2005). Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. Journal of Occupational Health 47(3), 218–225.
  • Şahin F., Gürbüz S. (2012). Kültürel zekâ ve öz-yeterliliğin görev performansı ve örgütsel vatandaşlık davranışı üzerinde etkisi: Çokuluslu örgüt üzerinde bir uygulama. ISGUC The Journal of Industrial Relations and Human Resources, 14(2), 123-140.
  • Thoits P.A. (1995). Stress, coping, and social support processes: Where are we? What next? Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 35, 53-79.
  • Truxillo D.M., Cadiz D.M., Rineer J.R., Zaniboni S., Fraccaroli F. (2012). A lifespan perspective on job design: Fitting the job and the worker to promote job satisfaction, engagement, and performance. Organizatinal Psychology Review, 2(4), 340- 360.
  • Weinberg R.S., Gould D. (2018). Foundations of sport and exercise psychology. Canada: Human Kinetics, p.481.
  • Williams K.L., Galliher R.V. (2006). Predicting depression and self-esteem from social connectedness, support, and competence. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 25(8), 855-874.
  • Wills T.A., Shinar O. (2000). Measuring perceived and received social support. In Social support measurement and intervention: A guide for health and social scientists. S. Cohen & L.G. Underwood & B.H. Gottlieb, Editors. Oxford: Oxford University.
  • Yeşilay A. (1996). Genelleştirilmiş Özyetki Beklentisi Ölçeği. 15.07.2018 tarihinde http://userpage.fu-berlin.de/~health/turk.htm adresinden indirildi.
  • Zimet G.D., Powell S. S., Farley G.K., Werkman S., Berkoff K. (1990). Psychometric characteristics of the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. Journal of Personality Assessment, 55(3-4), 610-617.
  • Zimmerman B. J. (1995). Self-efficacy and educational development. In A. Bandura (Ed.), Self-efficacy in changing societies (pp. 202–231). New York: Cambridge Univ. Press.
  • Zimmerman B.J. (2000). Self-efficacy: An essential motive to learn. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 25, 82–91.

ALGILANAN SOSYAL DESTEK VE STRESLE BAŞA ÇIKMA TARZLARI ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİDE ALGILANAN ÖZ YETERLİLİĞİN ROLÜ

Year 2019, Volume: 17 Issue: 2, 132 - 144, 30.06.2019
https://doi.org/10.33689/spormetre.500792

Abstract

Bu araştırmada, genç yetişkinlerin algılanan
sosyal destek ve stresle başa çıkma tarzları arasındaki ilişkide, algılanan öz
yeterliliğin rolünün incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma grubunu, 2017-2018
Eğitim öğretim dönemi bahar yarıyılında Manisa Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Spor
Bilimleri Fakültesi’nde öğrenimlerine devam etmekte olan öğrenciler arasından kolayda
örnekleme yöntemi ile ulaşılan toplam 429 öğrenci (158’i kadın, 271’i erkek ve
ortalama yaş 21,8) oluşturmaktadır. Veri toplama aracı olarak, demografik bilgi
formunun yanı sıra Zimet ve arkadaşları (1990) tarafından geliştirilen
Algılanan Sosyal Destek Ölçeği, Lazarus ve Folkman (1984) tarafından
geliştirilen Stresle Başa Çıkma Tarzları Ölçeği ile Schwarzer ve Jerusalem
(1995) tarafından geliştirilen Öz Yeterlilik Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın
bulgularına göre, algılanan sosyal desteğin her üç alt boyutu ile stresle başa
çıkmada etkili yöntemler arasında orta düzeylerde anlamlı pozitif ilişkiler
olduğu görülmektedir (raile=,390,
rözel=,286, rarkadaş=,331; p<,01). Hiyerarşik
regresyon analizi sonuçlarına göre ise, algılanan sosyal destek ile genel öz
yeterlilik etkileşiminin, etkili yöntemler üzerinde anlamlı katkısı tespit
edilmiştir (β=-,091, p<,05). Bu
anlamda, sosyal destek algılarının stresle başa çıkmada kullanılan etkili
yöntemler üzerindeki etkisinde, algılanan öz yeterliliğin düzenleyici rolü
olduğu söylenebilir. Nitekim öz yeterlilik algılarının en yüksek olduğu nokta,
algılanan sosyal destek ile etkili yöntemler ilişkisinin de en yüksek olduğu
noktadır. Sonuç olarak, ailesinden, sevdiklerinden ve arkadaşlarından sosyal
destek gören gençler, stresle başa çıkmada etkili yöntemleri daha fazla
kullanmaktadır. Öz yeterlilik algılarının yüksek olması ise bu ilişkinin gücünü
arttırıcı rol oynamaktadır.

References

  • Averill J.R. (1973). Personal control over aversive stimuli and its relationship to stress. Psychological bulletin, 80(4), 286-303.http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/h0034845.
  • Baltaş A., Baltas Z. (1996). Stres ve basa çıkma yolları. İstanbul: Remzi Kitabevi.
  • Bandura A. (1977). Self-efficacy: toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological review, 84(2), 191-215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.84.2.191.
  • Bandura A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
  • Bandura A. (1990). Perceived self-efficacy in the exercise of control over AIDS infection. Evaluation and Program Planning, 13(1), 9–17. doi:10.1016/0149-7189(90)90004-g.
  • Bandura A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New York: Freeman.
  • Baqutayan S. (2011). Stress and social support. Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine, 33(1), 29-34.
  • Button L. A. (2008). Effect of social support and coping strategies on the relationship between health care-related occupational stress and health, Journal of Research in Nursing, 13(6), 498-524.
  • Byrne B. M. (2010). Structural equation modeling with AMOS: Basic concepts, applications, and programming (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Routledge Academic.
  • Clara I.P., Cox B. J., Enns M.W., Murray L.T., Torqrudc L.J. (2003). Confirmatory factor analysis of the multidimensional scale of perceived social support in clinically distressed and student samples. Journal of Personality Assessment, 81(3), 265-270.
  • Cobb S. (1976). Support as a mediator of life stress. Psychosomatic Medicine, 38(5), 300–314.
  • Cohen S., Syme S.L. (1985). Issues in the study and application of social support. Cohen, S., & Syme, S.L. (Ed.), Social Support and Health içinde. (3-22). San Francisco: Academic Press.
  • Cohen S., Wills T.A. (1985). Stress, social support, and the buffering hypothesis. Psychological Bulletin, 98(2), 310-357.
  • Cohen S., Underwood L. G., Gottlieb B. H. (Eds.). (2000). Social support measurement and intervention: A guide for health and social scientists. New York, NY, US: Oxford University Press. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med:psych/9780195126709.001.0001.
  • Corrigan P. (2004). How stigma interferes with mental health care. American psychologist, 59(7), 614-625.
  • Corrigan P.W., Watson A.C., Barr L. (2006). The self–stigma of mental illness: Implications for self–esteem and self–efficacy. Journal of social and clinical psychology, 25(8), 875-884.
  • Çavuş M. F., Pekkan N. Ü. (2017). Algılanan sosyal desteğin sosyal girişimciliğe etkisi: üniversite öğrencileri üzerinde bir araştırma. Business and Economics Research Journal, 8(3), 519-532. DOI:10.20409/berj.2017.64.
  • Çebi E. (2009). University students’ attitudes toward seeking psychological help: Effects of percieved social support, psychological distress, prior help-seeking experience and gender. Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi. Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Ankara.
  • Çeçen A. R. (2008). Öğrencilerin cinsiyetlerine ve ana baba tutum algılarına göre yalnızlık ve sosyal destek düzeylerinin incelenmesi. Türk Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 6(3), 415-431.
  • Eker D., Arkar H., Yaldız H. (2001). Çok Boyutlu Algılanan Sosyal Destek Ölçeği’nin gözden geçirilmiş formunun faktör yapısı geçerlik ve güvenirliği. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi, 12(1), 17-25.
  • Gottlieb B.H. (1983). Social support as a focus for integrative research in psychology. American Psychologist, 38(3), 278-287.
  • Hisli-Şahin N., Durak A. (1995). Üniversite öğrencileri için bir stresle başa çıkma tarzı ölçeği. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi, 10, 56-73.
  • Hisli-Şahin N. (1994). Stresle başa çıkma yolları: olumlu bir yaklaşım. Türk psikologlar derneği yayınları, Ankara.
  • Hisli-Şahin N. (1998). Stresle Basa Çıkma Olumlu Bir Yaklaşım. Ankara: Türk Psikologlar Derneği Yayınları.
  • Hisli-Şahin N., Güler M., Basım H. N. (2009). A tipi kişilik örüntüsünde bilişsel ve duygusal zekânın stresle başa çıkma ve stres belirtileri ile ilişkisi. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi, 20(3), 243-254.
  • Hofstede G. (1980).Cculture's consequences:International differences in work-related values. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
  • House J. S. (1981). Work stress and social support. Reading, Mass: Addison-Wesley.
  • Jenkins R., Elliott P. (2004). Stressors, burnout and social support: Nurses in acute mental health settings. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 48(6), 622–631.
  • Kline R. B. (2010). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (3rd ed.). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
  • Lazarus R.S., Folkman S. (1986). Cognitive theories of stress and the issue of circularity. In: Appley M.H., Trumbull R. (Eds) Dynamics of Stress. The Plenum Series on Stress and Coping. Springer, Boston, MA.
  • Lazarus R.S. (1999). Stress and emotion: A new synthesis. New York: Springer.
  • Lazarus R.S., Folkman S. (1984). Stress, appraisal, and coping. New York: Springer.
  • Lin N. (1986). Conceptualizing social support. In Nan Lin, Alfred Dean, & Walter Ensel (Eds), Social Support, Life Events and Depression. Orlando: Academic Press. pp. 17-30.
  • Lirio P., Lituchy T.R., Monserrat S.I., Olivas-Lujan M.R., Duffy J.A., Fox S., Gregory A., Punnet B.J., Santos N. (2007). Exploring career-life success and family social support of successful women in Canada, Argentina and Mexico. Career Development International, 12(1), 28-50.
  • Lyrakos D.G. (2012). The impact of stress, social support, self-efficacy and coping on university students, a multicultural European study, Psychology, 3(2), 143-149.
  • Masten R., Tusak M., Zalar B., Ziherl S. (2009). Stress, coping and social support in three groups of university students. Psychiatria Danubina, 21(1), 41-48.
  • Ptacek J.T. (1996). The role of attachment in perceived support and the stress and coping process. In Handbook of social support and the family (pp. 495-520). Boston, MA: Springer.
  • Robbins P. R., Tanck R. H. (2001). University students’ preffered choices for social support. The Journal of Social Psychology, 135 (6), 775-776.
  • Rodriguez N., Mira C.B., Myers H.F., Morris J.K., Cardoza D. (2003). Family or friends: Who plays a greater supportive role for Latino college students? Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 9(3), 236-250.
  • Rowshan A. (1998). Stres yönetimi. Çev.: Şahin Cüceloğlu: İstanbul: Sistem Yayıncılık.
  • Schwarzer R., Jerusalem M. (1995). Generalized Self-Efficacy scale. In J. Weinman, S. Wright, & M. Johnston, Measures in health psychology: A user’s portfolio. Causal and control beliefs (pp. 35-37). Windsor, UK: NFER-Nelson.
  • Shen H., Cheng Y., Tsai P., Lee S., Guo Y. (2005). Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. Journal of Occupational Health 47(3), 218–225.
  • Şahin F., Gürbüz S. (2012). Kültürel zekâ ve öz-yeterliliğin görev performansı ve örgütsel vatandaşlık davranışı üzerinde etkisi: Çokuluslu örgüt üzerinde bir uygulama. ISGUC The Journal of Industrial Relations and Human Resources, 14(2), 123-140.
  • Thoits P.A. (1995). Stress, coping, and social support processes: Where are we? What next? Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 35, 53-79.
  • Truxillo D.M., Cadiz D.M., Rineer J.R., Zaniboni S., Fraccaroli F. (2012). A lifespan perspective on job design: Fitting the job and the worker to promote job satisfaction, engagement, and performance. Organizatinal Psychology Review, 2(4), 340- 360.
  • Weinberg R.S., Gould D. (2018). Foundations of sport and exercise psychology. Canada: Human Kinetics, p.481.
  • Williams K.L., Galliher R.V. (2006). Predicting depression and self-esteem from social connectedness, support, and competence. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 25(8), 855-874.
  • Wills T.A., Shinar O. (2000). Measuring perceived and received social support. In Social support measurement and intervention: A guide for health and social scientists. S. Cohen & L.G. Underwood & B.H. Gottlieb, Editors. Oxford: Oxford University.
  • Yeşilay A. (1996). Genelleştirilmiş Özyetki Beklentisi Ölçeği. 15.07.2018 tarihinde http://userpage.fu-berlin.de/~health/turk.htm adresinden indirildi.
  • Zimet G.D., Powell S. S., Farley G.K., Werkman S., Berkoff K. (1990). Psychometric characteristics of the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. Journal of Personality Assessment, 55(3-4), 610-617.
  • Zimmerman B. J. (1995). Self-efficacy and educational development. In A. Bandura (Ed.), Self-efficacy in changing societies (pp. 202–231). New York: Cambridge Univ. Press.
  • Zimmerman B.J. (2000). Self-efficacy: An essential motive to learn. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 25, 82–91.
There are 52 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Sports Medicine
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Kadir Yıldız 0000-0003-3347-0319

Deniz Dirik 0000-0002-7652-5079

Publication Date June 30, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 17 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Yıldız, K., & Dirik, D. (2019). ALGILANAN SOSYAL DESTEK VE STRESLE BAŞA ÇIKMA TARZLARI ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİDE ALGILANAN ÖZ YETERLİLİĞİN ROLÜ. SPORMETRE Beden Eğitimi Ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 17(2), 132-144. https://doi.org/10.33689/spormetre.500792

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