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The Correlation Between Amniotic Fluid and Neonatal Weight

Year 2019, Volume: 10 Issue: 37, 36 - 40, 06.10.2019
https://doi.org/10.17944/mkutfd.412051

Abstract

Aim:

This study focused on determining whether or not amniotic fluid index (AFI) values were affected by last menstruation period (LMP), age and parity and assessing the correlation between such variables as neonatal weight and AFI, last menstruation period, age and parity.


Material and Method:

The study was prospectively planned and designed in descriptive and cross-sectional model. 153 successive healthy pregnant women who presented to Necip Fazıl City Hospital, Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology as full term pregnant women with pain (FTPWP) between the 1st of August and the 1st of November, 2017 and who gave birth between 37th and 42nd weeks were included in the study. Written official permission to undertake this study was gained from the hospital and informed consent was obtained from each participant. Approval of the ethics committee of Elazığ Medicine Faculty was also obtained. Detailed obstetric history of the participants was taken. Whether or not they had a chronic disease history and family disease history was asked. Pregnancy weeks were separately determined according to both LMP and ultrasonography (USG) measurements. Tensions were measured. Following routine vaginal examination; full blood tests, biochemical tests and full urine tests were performed. All the patients received USG assessments following Non-Stress Test. For standardization, USG assessments were performed by the same doctor from radiology unit using Toshiba Aplio 300 ultrasound device and 3.5 mhz abdominal probe. With USG; biparietal circumference (BPD), head circumference (HC), abdominal circumference (AC), femur length (FL) were assessed. According to USG; estimated fetal weights were found (16). While performing AFI measurements, uterus was divided into 4 equal quadrants. Ultrasound probe is placed

perpendicular to the floor and parallel to the maternal axis. The deepest bags in 4 different areas are separately measured and added (13-15). After labor, neonatal weightings were done with EKS 8006 weighing machine and the data were recorded.

To the study, those healthy women who were 37-42 weeks pregnant and were aged between 17 and 35 years were recruited. Those women who had chronic diseases (diabetes, hypertension, renal diseases, collagenous tissue diseases), fetal anomalies, serious anemia, membrane rupture in medical examination and pregnancy history were excluded from the study. AFI values of the participant patients were classified into five groups: AFI values ≤5 cm, 5.1-10 cm, 10.1-15 cm, 15.1-20 cm and 20.1-24 cm. Two pregnant women with an AFI value of ≥25 cm were dropped off the study because one patient had diabetes and the other one had fetal anomaly. After birth, neonatal weights were sorted out four groups: <2800 gr, 2800-3299 gr, 3300-3799 gr and 3800-4500 gr and data were recorded for comparison.


Results:

In this study; it was explored that demographic factors that we assessed did not AFI values and neonatal weight but among pregnant women with oligohydramniosis, neonatal weights were considerably lower. The reason why studies that investigated the correlation between LMP and AFI and that were done in different geographical regions demonstrated different results may be that AFI is influenced by such factors as genetic structure, socio-economic status and geographical location and we are of the opinion that we need new nomograms that take these variables into consideration.


Conclusion:

As a conclusion; in this study we found that age and parity status did not affect AFI and neonatal weight. As for LMP, we identified that it increased neonatal weight; which was in line with literature results. On the other side, we found that increase in LMP did not influence AFI. When studies that were undertaken in different regions and that investigated the correlation between AFI and LMP were examined, we understood that there were different studies suggesting that as LMP increases; AFI reduces or increases or does not change. We are of the opinion that the reason behind these outcomes is that AFI may change depending on many factors such as ethnicity, geographical region, socio-economical factors. Therefore; there is a need for new nomograms that take these variables and geographical regions into consideration. Another result of this current study was that pregnant women with oligohidramnios presented lower neonatal weight as compared to those women with normal AFI values. Yet, comparison which was made

after dividing pregnant women with normal AFI values into groups did not show any statistically significant difference in terms of neonatal weight.

There is a need for wide scale and large series studies in which such factors as expanded age ranges, participation of pregnant women with polyhydramnios, socio-economical differences, smoking status are examined.

References

  • 1. Ross MG, Brace RA. National Institute of Child Health and Development Workshop Participants. National Institute of Child Health and Development Conference summary: amniotic fluid biology—basic and clinical aspects. J Matern Fetal Med. 2001;10(1):2–19.
  • 2. Magann EF, Bass JD, Chauhan SP, et al. Curve of amniotic fluid volume in normal single to pregnancies. Obstet Gynecol 1997;90(4):524.
  • 3. Rutherford SE, Phelan JP, Smith CV, et al. The 4 quadrant assessment of amniotic fluid volume: an adjunct to antepartum fetal heart rate testing. Obstet Gynecol 1987;70(3 pt 1):353.
  • 4. Mark A, Underwood MD, William M, et al. Amniotic fluid: not just fetal urine anymore. J Perintol 2005; 25: 341–348.
  • 5. Gizzo S, Patrelli TS, Rossanese M, Noventa M, Berretta R, DiGangi S, et al. An update on diabetic women obstetrical out comes linked to preconception and pregnancy glycemic profile: a systematic literature review. Scientific World Journal. 2013;6:254901.
  • 6. Ozgu-Erdinc AS, Cavkaytar S, Aktulay A, Buyukkagnici U, Erkaya S, Danisman N. Mid-trimester maternal serum and amniotic fluid biomarkers for the prediction of preterm delivery and intrauterine growth retardation. J Obstet Gynaecol Res. 2014;40(6):1540–6.
  • 7. Patrelli TS, Dall'asta A, Gizzo S, Pedrazzi G, Piantelli G, Jasonni VM, et al. Calcium supplementation and prevention of preeclampsia: a Meta-analysis. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2012;25(12):2570–4.
  • 8. Chauhan SP, Taylor M, Shields D, Parker D, Scardo JA, Magann EF. Intrauterine growth restriction and oligohydramnios among high-risk patients. Am J Perinatol 2007; 24:215–221.
  • 9. Gizzo S, Noventa M, DiGangi S, Saccardi C, Cosmi E, Nardelli GB, et al. Could molecular assessment of calcium metabolism be a useful tool to early screen patients at risk for pre-eclampsia complicated pregnancy? Proposal and rationale. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2014; 12.
  • 10. Casey BM, McIntire DD, Bloom SL, Lucas MJ, Santos R, Twickler DM, et al. Pregnancy out come safterante partum diagnosis of oligo hydramnios at or beyond 34 weeks' gestation. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2000;182(4):909–12.
  • 11. Chauhan SP, Sanderson M, Hendrix NW, Magann EF, Devoe LD. Perinatal out come and amniotic fluid index in the antepartum and intra partum periods: A meta-analysis. Am J ObstetGynecol. 1999;181(6):1473–8.
  • 12. Nabhan AF, Abdelmoula YA. Amniotic fluid index versus single deepest vertical pocket: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2009;104(3):184–8.
  • 13. Phelan JP, Smith CV, Broussard P, et al. Amniotic fluid volume assessment with the four-quadrant technique at 36-42 weeks gestation. J Reprod Med 1987;32:540.
  • 14. Callen PW (ed): Amniotic fluid volume: its role in fetal health an disease. In Ultrasonography in Obstetrics and Gynecology, 5th ed. Philadelphia. Saunders Elsevier, 2008; 764.
  • 15. Hill LM, Sohaey R, Nyberg DA: Abnormalities of amniotic fluid. In Nyberg DA, McGahan JR, Pretorius DH, et al (eds): Diagnostic imaging of Fetal Anomalies. Philadelphia, Lipincott Williams &Wilkins, 2003; 62.
  • 16. Hadlock FP, Harrist RB, Sharman RS, et al. Estimation of fetal weight with the use of head, body, and femur measurements—a prospective study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1985; 151: 333–337.
  • 17. Petrozella LN, Dashe JS, McIntire DD, et al. Clinical Significance of borderline amniotic fluid index and oligohydramnios in pretem pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol 2011;117 (2 pt 1): 338.
  • 18. Energin H. Ultrasonografi ile Ölçülen Tahmini Fetal Ağırlığa Etki Eden Faktörler. Dicle Tıp Dergisi 2016; 43(2): 294-298
  • 19. Shripad H, Lavanya R, Prashant A, et al. Reference range of amniotic fluid index in late third trimester of pregnancy: What should the optimal interval between two ultrasound examination be? J Preg 2015; 2:132–136.
  • 20. Alao OB, Ayoola OO, Adetiloye VA, et al. The amniotic fluid index in normal human pregnancies in South western Nigeria. Internet J Radiol 2007;5: 2–5.
  • 21. Brace RA, Wolf EJ. Normal amniotic fluid volume changes through out pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol , 1989;161:382 -388
  • 22. Agwu EJ, Ugwu AC, Şhem SL, Abba M. Relationship of amniotic fluid index (AFI) in third trimester with fetal weight and gender in a southeast Nigerian population, Acta Radiol Open. 2016;5 (8).
  • 23. American College of Obstetricians and Gyenocologists:Ultrasonography in pregnancy. Practice Bulletin No.101, February 2009, Reaffirmed 2011.

Amnion Sıvı İndeksi ile Yenidoğan Ağırlığının İlişkisi

Year 2019, Volume: 10 Issue: 37, 36 - 40, 06.10.2019
https://doi.org/10.17944/mkutfd.412051

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı amniyotik sıvı indeksi (ASİ) değerinin, son adet tarihi, yaş ve parite durumundan etkilenip etkilenmediğini belirlemek ve ASİ, son adet tarihi, yaş ve parite durumu gibi değişkenler ile yeni doğan ağırlığı arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektir.

Gereç ve Yöntem: Necip Fazıl Şehir Hastanesi, Kadın Hastalıkları ve Doğum Kliniğine doğum ağrıları ile miadında ağrılı gebe olarak 01.08.2017-01.11.2017 tarihleri arasında başvuran ardışık 153 sağlıklı gebenin demografik özellikleri ve yeni doğan ağırlıkları kaydedildi. ASİ ≤5 cm (oligohidroamnioz) ve 5.1-24 cm (normal-hidroamnioz) olarak iki gruba ayrıldı. Normal grupta kendi arasında 5.1-10 cm, 10.1-15 cm, 15.1-20 cm ve 20.1-24 cm arası olmak üzere 4 grup olarak sınıflandırıldı. Bu değişkenlerin birbirleri arasındaki ilişki incelendi. Veriler SPSS 22.0 istatistik programı kullanılarak analiz edildi. Yapılan analiz sonucu p<0.05 istatiksel olarak anlamlı kabul edildi.

Bulgular: Yaptığımız çalışmanın sonuçlarına göre SAT, yaş ve parite durumlarının oligohidroamnioz oluşumunda etkisinin olmadığı ve ASİ ortalamalarını etkilemediği bulundu. Yeni doğan ağırlığının ise SAT’tan etkilendiği (t/p=-3,002/0.03) ama yaş ve parite durumundan etkilenmediği saptandı. Ayrıca oligohidroamniozu olan gebelerin, normal ASİ değerine sahip gebelere göre daha düşük yeni doğan ağırlığına sahip bebekler doğurduğu (p<0.000) fakat normal ASİ değerine sahip gebelerin kendi içinde ASİ değeri ile yeni doğan bebek ağırlık ortalamaları arasında anlamlı bir ilişkinin olmadığı belirlendi.

Sonuç: Yaptığımız çalışmada değerlendirdiğimiz demografik faktörlerin ASİ değerlerini ve yeni doğan ağırlığını etkilemediği ancak oligohidroamniozlu gebelerde yeni doğan ağırlığının anlamlı olarak daha düşük olduğu belirlendi. SAT ile ASİ arasındaki ilişkiyi inceleyen ve farklı bölgelerde yapılan çalışmaların farklı sonuçlara sahip olmasının sebebinin ASİ’nin genetik yapı, sosyoekonomik durum ve coğrafi konum gibi faktörlerden etkilenmesi olduğunu ve bu değişkenleri gözeterek yapılacak yeni nomogramlara ihtiyaç olduğu kanaatindeyiz.

References

  • 1. Ross MG, Brace RA. National Institute of Child Health and Development Workshop Participants. National Institute of Child Health and Development Conference summary: amniotic fluid biology—basic and clinical aspects. J Matern Fetal Med. 2001;10(1):2–19.
  • 2. Magann EF, Bass JD, Chauhan SP, et al. Curve of amniotic fluid volume in normal single to pregnancies. Obstet Gynecol 1997;90(4):524.
  • 3. Rutherford SE, Phelan JP, Smith CV, et al. The 4 quadrant assessment of amniotic fluid volume: an adjunct to antepartum fetal heart rate testing. Obstet Gynecol 1987;70(3 pt 1):353.
  • 4. Mark A, Underwood MD, William M, et al. Amniotic fluid: not just fetal urine anymore. J Perintol 2005; 25: 341–348.
  • 5. Gizzo S, Patrelli TS, Rossanese M, Noventa M, Berretta R, DiGangi S, et al. An update on diabetic women obstetrical out comes linked to preconception and pregnancy glycemic profile: a systematic literature review. Scientific World Journal. 2013;6:254901.
  • 6. Ozgu-Erdinc AS, Cavkaytar S, Aktulay A, Buyukkagnici U, Erkaya S, Danisman N. Mid-trimester maternal serum and amniotic fluid biomarkers for the prediction of preterm delivery and intrauterine growth retardation. J Obstet Gynaecol Res. 2014;40(6):1540–6.
  • 7. Patrelli TS, Dall'asta A, Gizzo S, Pedrazzi G, Piantelli G, Jasonni VM, et al. Calcium supplementation and prevention of preeclampsia: a Meta-analysis. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2012;25(12):2570–4.
  • 8. Chauhan SP, Taylor M, Shields D, Parker D, Scardo JA, Magann EF. Intrauterine growth restriction and oligohydramnios among high-risk patients. Am J Perinatol 2007; 24:215–221.
  • 9. Gizzo S, Noventa M, DiGangi S, Saccardi C, Cosmi E, Nardelli GB, et al. Could molecular assessment of calcium metabolism be a useful tool to early screen patients at risk for pre-eclampsia complicated pregnancy? Proposal and rationale. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2014; 12.
  • 10. Casey BM, McIntire DD, Bloom SL, Lucas MJ, Santos R, Twickler DM, et al. Pregnancy out come safterante partum diagnosis of oligo hydramnios at or beyond 34 weeks' gestation. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2000;182(4):909–12.
  • 11. Chauhan SP, Sanderson M, Hendrix NW, Magann EF, Devoe LD. Perinatal out come and amniotic fluid index in the antepartum and intra partum periods: A meta-analysis. Am J ObstetGynecol. 1999;181(6):1473–8.
  • 12. Nabhan AF, Abdelmoula YA. Amniotic fluid index versus single deepest vertical pocket: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2009;104(3):184–8.
  • 13. Phelan JP, Smith CV, Broussard P, et al. Amniotic fluid volume assessment with the four-quadrant technique at 36-42 weeks gestation. J Reprod Med 1987;32:540.
  • 14. Callen PW (ed): Amniotic fluid volume: its role in fetal health an disease. In Ultrasonography in Obstetrics and Gynecology, 5th ed. Philadelphia. Saunders Elsevier, 2008; 764.
  • 15. Hill LM, Sohaey R, Nyberg DA: Abnormalities of amniotic fluid. In Nyberg DA, McGahan JR, Pretorius DH, et al (eds): Diagnostic imaging of Fetal Anomalies. Philadelphia, Lipincott Williams &Wilkins, 2003; 62.
  • 16. Hadlock FP, Harrist RB, Sharman RS, et al. Estimation of fetal weight with the use of head, body, and femur measurements—a prospective study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1985; 151: 333–337.
  • 17. Petrozella LN, Dashe JS, McIntire DD, et al. Clinical Significance of borderline amniotic fluid index and oligohydramnios in pretem pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol 2011;117 (2 pt 1): 338.
  • 18. Energin H. Ultrasonografi ile Ölçülen Tahmini Fetal Ağırlığa Etki Eden Faktörler. Dicle Tıp Dergisi 2016; 43(2): 294-298
  • 19. Shripad H, Lavanya R, Prashant A, et al. Reference range of amniotic fluid index in late third trimester of pregnancy: What should the optimal interval between two ultrasound examination be? J Preg 2015; 2:132–136.
  • 20. Alao OB, Ayoola OO, Adetiloye VA, et al. The amniotic fluid index in normal human pregnancies in South western Nigeria. Internet J Radiol 2007;5: 2–5.
  • 21. Brace RA, Wolf EJ. Normal amniotic fluid volume changes through out pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol , 1989;161:382 -388
  • 22. Agwu EJ, Ugwu AC, Şhem SL, Abba M. Relationship of amniotic fluid index (AFI) in third trimester with fetal weight and gender in a southeast Nigerian population, Acta Radiol Open. 2016;5 (8).
  • 23. American College of Obstetricians and Gyenocologists:Ultrasonography in pregnancy. Practice Bulletin No.101, February 2009, Reaffirmed 2011.
There are 23 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Original Articles
Authors

Tuncay Bal 0000-0002-0249-314X

Selim Karaküçük This is me

Seda nida Karaküçük

Publication Date October 6, 2019
Submission Date April 2, 2018
Acceptance Date May 22, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 10 Issue: 37

Cite

Vancouver Bal T, Karaküçük S, Karaküçük Sn. The Correlation Between Amniotic Fluid and Neonatal Weight. mkutfd. 2019;10(37):36-40.