Abstract
The purpose of this research was to measure and evaluate self-talk ability. 100 athletes chosen randomly from 23 countries, who attended the Heracles Junior World Cup competition (29) held in Budapest, Hungary between the dates of 15-16/02/2014, junior and cadet fencing championship held in Plovdiv, Bulgaria (38) between the dates of 3-12/04/2014 which was included in the 2014 activity calendar of FIE (International Fencing Federation) and athletes among elite fencers (33) representing our country abroad attended in our research.
In this performed study based on the scanning (survey) method; the Self-Talk Questionnaire (S-TQ) which was improved by Zervas, Stavrau and Psychountaki (2007), whose validity and reliability in Turkish were performed by Engür (2011), was used. In order to evaluate the data and find the estimated values, the SPSS 16.0 statistical package program was used. The data were summarised giving averages and standard deviations. Since the data showed a normal distribution, for the dual group comparisons, independent group t-test was used for the determination of the difference between independent parameters, the error level was regarded to be 0,05 in this study.
Within the results of the survey, no statistically meaningful differences were observed. When the sub-dimensions of both motivational functions were evaluated in terms of age and experience time concerning self-talk abilities in the athletes attended in the survey. When self-talk ability was evaluated due to the gender parameter; while not seeing a statistically meaningful difference in the cognitive, functional sub-dimension among the athletes, a statistically meaningful difference was observed on the motivational, functional sub-dimension in favor of sportswoman. Furthermore, there was not a significant difference when comparing the self-talk ability of Turkish athletes and other countries' athletes who attended in the research in all sub-dimensions. Finally, it can be told that sportswomen attended in the research use self talk ability as a motivational tool in order to improve their performance and success more than sportsman.
Keywords
References
- Aktaş Z, Çobanoğlu G, Yazıcılar İ, Er N (2006). The comparison of sports related success motivation level among professional basketball players in terms of gender. Spormetre the Journal of Physical Education and Sport Sciences. IV (2) 55-59.
- Calvete E, Cardeoso O (2005). Gender Differences in Cognitive Vulnerability to Depression and Behavior Problems in Adolescents. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology,33, 2, 179-192.
- Coleman R, Barries G (2000). The guide for the executive (Translated: Harmancı M.) Remzi Publishing, istanbul, 163-164.
- Engür M ( 2011). Adaptation and application of performance failure appraisal inventory (PFAI) and self-talk questionnaire (S-TQ) into Turkish athletes population. The Aegean University, Doctoral Dissertation, 83-102.
- Gammage KL, Hardy J, Hall CR, (2001). A Description of Self-Talk in Exercise. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 2, 233-247.
- Güney S, (2000).The Sciences of Attitudes, Nobel Publishing , Ankara, 17.
- Hardy J, Hall CR, Hardy L (2005). Quantifying athlete self-talk, Journal of Sports Sciences, 23: 9, 905 - 917.
- Katsikas C, Argeitaki P, Smirniotou A (2009). Performance Strategies o Greek Track and Field Athletes: Gender and Level Differences. Psychologist,
- Neil R, Mellalieu S, Hanton S (2006). Psychological Skills Usage and the Competitive Anxiety Response as a Function of Skill Level in Rugby Union, Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 5, 415-423.
- Orhan R (2012). Leadership self-perceptions of orienteering athletes. Kırıkkale University, Master Thesis, 103.
- Selçuk Z (1996). Psychology of Education, Pegem Publishing, Ankara, pg. 146.
- Terzioğlu AE (1992). ‘The concept of motivation on Education of sports’, Atatürk Faculty of Education Sports Sciences Journal. İstanbul, 2;2:10-18.
- Theodorakis Y, Hatzigeorgiadis A, Chroni S (2008). Self-Talk: It Works, but How? Development and Preliminary Validation of the Functions of Self-Talk Questionnaire. Development, (12), 10-30.
- Turhan M (2009).Investigating the relationship between competitive motivation and depression, anxiety levels, and personality characteristics in professional soccer players Maltepe University, Master Thesis, 47.
- Üngör G (2009).The relationship between goal orientation and perceived motivational climate in amateur and professional footballers. Ege University, Master Thesis, 44.
- Williams JM, Leffingwell TR (1996). Cognitive Strategies in Sport and Exercise Psychology. In J. Van Raalte and B. Brewer (Eds.). Exploring Sport and Exercise Psychology, . APA Press, Washington D.C, 51-73.
- Zervas Y., Stavrou N, Psychountaki M, (2007). Development and Validation of the Self-Talk Questionnaire (S-TQ) for Sports Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 19, 142-159.
Abstract
References
- Aktaş Z, Çobanoğlu G, Yazıcılar İ, Er N (2006). The comparison of sports related success motivation level among professional basketball players in terms of gender. Spormetre the Journal of Physical Education and Sport Sciences. IV (2) 55-59.
- Calvete E, Cardeoso O (2005). Gender Differences in Cognitive Vulnerability to Depression and Behavior Problems in Adolescents. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology,33, 2, 179-192.
- Coleman R, Barries G (2000). The guide for the executive (Translated: Harmancı M.) Remzi Publishing, istanbul, 163-164.
- Engür M ( 2011). Adaptation and application of performance failure appraisal inventory (PFAI) and self-talk questionnaire (S-TQ) into Turkish athletes population. The Aegean University, Doctoral Dissertation, 83-102.
- Gammage KL, Hardy J, Hall CR, (2001). A Description of Self-Talk in Exercise. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 2, 233-247.
- Güney S, (2000).The Sciences of Attitudes, Nobel Publishing , Ankara, 17.
- Hardy J, Hall CR, Hardy L (2005). Quantifying athlete self-talk, Journal of Sports Sciences, 23: 9, 905 - 917.
- Katsikas C, Argeitaki P, Smirniotou A (2009). Performance Strategies o Greek Track and Field Athletes: Gender and Level Differences. Psychologist,
- Neil R, Mellalieu S, Hanton S (2006). Psychological Skills Usage and the Competitive Anxiety Response as a Function of Skill Level in Rugby Union, Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 5, 415-423.
- Orhan R (2012). Leadership self-perceptions of orienteering athletes. Kırıkkale University, Master Thesis, 103.
- Selçuk Z (1996). Psychology of Education, Pegem Publishing, Ankara, pg. 146.
- Terzioğlu AE (1992). ‘The concept of motivation on Education of sports’, Atatürk Faculty of Education Sports Sciences Journal. İstanbul, 2;2:10-18.
- Theodorakis Y, Hatzigeorgiadis A, Chroni S (2008). Self-Talk: It Works, but How? Development and Preliminary Validation of the Functions of Self-Talk Questionnaire. Development, (12), 10-30.
- Turhan M (2009).Investigating the relationship between competitive motivation and depression, anxiety levels, and personality characteristics in professional soccer players Maltepe University, Master Thesis, 47.
- Üngör G (2009).The relationship between goal orientation and perceived motivational climate in amateur and professional footballers. Ege University, Master Thesis, 44.
- Williams JM, Leffingwell TR (1996). Cognitive Strategies in Sport and Exercise Psychology. In J. Van Raalte and B. Brewer (Eds.). Exploring Sport and Exercise Psychology, . APA Press, Washington D.C, 51-73.
- Zervas Y., Stavrou N, Psychountaki M, (2007). Development and Validation of the Self-Talk Questionnaire (S-TQ) for Sports Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 19, 142-159.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Journal Section | Articles |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | July 27, 2015 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2015 Volume 3 (Special Issue 1) |
