Abstract
Current training methods are used a lot today to improve the performance of soccer players. However, there is still not enough literature for the training mask, which is one of them. This research was carried out considering that it will contribute to both the literature and the performance of soccer players. 12 male football players participated in the research voluntarily. The “Supramaximal Eurofit Method” protocol of the High Intensive Interval Training (HIIT) method was applied to the subjects on two different days, masked and non-masked. Heart rate, O2 saturation, lactate measurement and pulmonary function test were applied to the subjects before exercise (at rest) and after exercise. In dependent group comparisons, the significance test of the difference between the two pairs or the Wilcoxon paired-sample test was used. p<0.05 was considered significant. When the masked and non-masked training were compared, a significant difference was found between the pre-test and post-test values of the masked group in terms of heart rate, O2 saturation, FVC, FEV1 and MVV values (p<0.05). A significant difference was found between the pre-test and post-test values of the non-masked group in heart rate, O2 saturation, FVC and MVV values (p<0.05). A significant difference was found between the groups in lactate, FVC and MVV values after exercise (p<0.05). It has been determined that high intensive interval training, both mask and non-mask, has a positive effect on respiratory parameters and other physiological parameters in soccer players. Considering that HIIT gives a positive response in a short time at the physiological adaptation level of the athletes, it is thought that it will make positive contributions to the competition among elite athletes. In addition, the results we obtained regarding respiratory parameters can make important contributions to the literature.
Keywords
References
- Chapman R. F. (2013) The individual response to training and competition at altitude. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 47, 1-6. doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2013-092837
- Cox, A., Fyock-Martin, M. B., ve Martin, J. R. (2020). The elevation training mask: a critically appraised topic. International Journal of Athletic Therapy and Training, 25(3), 108-113. doi.org/10.1123/ijatt.2019-0002
- Cristina, M. M., ve Catalin, G. A. (2015). Study on the influence of training at altitude (2000m) on the maximum aerobic velocity athletics (mountain race). OUA Ser Phys Ed Sport/Sci Movement Health, 15(2), 135-146.
- Dunham, C., ve Harms, C. A. (2011). Effects of high intensity interval training on pulmonary. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 112(8), 3061-3068. doi.org/10.1007/s00421-011-2285-5
- Epthorp, J. A. (2014). Altitude training and its effects on performance, systematic review. The Journal of Australian Strength and Conditioning, 22(1), 78-88.
- George, J. D., Vehrs, P. R., Allsen. P. E., Fellingham, G. W., ve Fisher, A. G. (2019). VO2max estimation from a submaximal 1-mile track job for fit college-age individuals. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 25(3), 401-406.
- Goods, P., Dawson, B. T., Landers, G. J., Gore, C. J., ve Peeling, P. (2014). Effect of different simulated altitudes on repeat-sprint performance in team-sport athletes. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 9(5), 857-862. doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2013-0423
- Granados, J., Gillum, T., Castillo, W., ve Christmas, K. (2015). Functional respiratory muscle training during endurance exercise causes modest hypoxemia but overall is well tolerated. The Journal Strength and Conditioning Research, PMID: 26340471. doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000001151
- Granados, J., Jansen, L., Harton, H., ve Kuennen, M. (2014). Elevation training mask induces hypoxemia but utilizes a novel feedback signaling mechanism. International Journal of Exercise Science, 2(6), 26.
- Holliss, B. A., Fulford, J., Vanhatalo, A., Pedlar, C. R., ve Jones, A. M. (2013). Influence of intermittent hypoxic training on muscle energetics and exercise tolerance. Journal of Applied Physiology, 114(5), 611-619. doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01331.2012
- Jung, H. C., Lee, N. H., John, S. D., ve Lee, S. (2019). The elevation training mask induces modest hypoxaemia but does not affect heart rate variability during cycling in healthy adults. Biology of Sport, 36(2), 105-112. doi.org/10.5114/biolsport.2019.79976
- O’kroy, J. A., Loy, R. A., ve Coast, J. R. (1992). Pulmonary function changes following exercise. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 24(12), 1359-1364.
- Orhan, O., Bilgin, U., Çetin, E., Öz, E., & Dölek, B. E. (2010). The effect of moderate altitude on some respiratory parameters of physical education and sports’ students. Journal of Asthma, 47(6), 609-613. doi.org/10.3109/02770901003725676
- Özel, S. (2017). Maksimum aerobik aktivitede antrenman maskesi kullanımının akut etkilerinin incelenmesi. İÜ Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 7(1), 1303-1414.
- Romero-Arenas, S., López-Pérez, E., Colomer-Poveda, D., ve Márquez, G. (2021). Oxygenation responses while wearing the elevation training mask during an incremental cycling test. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 35(7), 1897-1904. doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000003038
- Sellers, J. H., Monaghan, T. P., Schnaiter, J. A., Jacobson, B. H., ve Pope, Z. K. (2016). Efficacy of a ventilatory training mask to improve anaerobic and aerobic capacity in reserve officers' training corps cadets. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 30(4), 1155-1160. doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000001184
- Terrados, N., Melichna, J., Sylven, C., Jansson, E., ve Kaijser, L. (1988). Effects of training at simulated altitude on performance and muscle metabolic capacity in competitive road cyclists. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 57(2), 203-209. doi.org/10.1007/BF00640664
- Volkov, V., Miroshnikov, A., ve Formenov, A. (2019). Effect of the pulmonary resistance training device “Elevation training mask 2.0” on physiological parameters and aerobic capacity during a maximal incremental cycling test. In 4th International Conference on Innovations in Sports, Tourism and Instructional Science, 306-308. doi.org/10.2991/icistis-19.2019.78
Maskeli ve Maskesiz Yapılan Yüksek Şiddetli İnterval Antrenmanların Solunum Parametreleri Üzerine Akut Etkisi
Abstract
Amaç: Futbolcuların performanslarını geliştirmek için güncel antrenman metodları günümüzde çok fazla kullanılmaktadır. Fakat bunlardan biri olan antrenman maskesi için yeterli bir literatür hala oluşturulamamıştır. Bu araştırma hem literatüre hem de futbolcuların performansına katkısı olacağı düşünülerek yapılmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Araştırmaya 12 erkek futbolcu gönüllü olarak katılmıştır. Deneklere iki farklı günde Yüksek Şiddetli Interval Antrenman (YŞİA) yönteminin “Supramaksimal Eurofit Metod” protokolü maskeli ve maskesiz olarak uygulanmıştır. Deneklere egzersiz öncesi (istirahat) ve egzersiz sonrası olmak üzere nabız, O2 saturasyonu, laktat ölçümü ve solunum fonksiyon testi uygulanmıştır. Bağımlı grup karşılaştırmalarında, İki eş arasındaki farkın önemlilik testi veya Wilcoxon eşleştirilmiş iki örnek testi kullanılmıştır. p<0.05 anlamlı kabul edilmiştir. Bulgular: Maskeli ve maskesiz yapılan antrenman karşılaştırıldığında Grup içi değerlerde maskeli grubun ön test – son test değerleri arasında O2 satürasyonu, nabız, FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC ve MVV değerlerinde anlamlı bir farklılık bulunmuştur (p<0,05). Laktat değerlerinde anlamlı bir fark bulunamamıştır (p>0,05). Maskesiz grubun ön test – son test değerleri arasında Nabız, O2 satürasyonu, nabız, FVC, FEV1/FVC ve MVV değerlerinde anlamlı bir farklılık bulunmuştur (p<0,05). FEV1 değerlerinde anlamlı bir fark bulunamamıştır (p>0,05). Gruplar arası değerlere bakıldığında, laktat ve MVV değerlerinde anlamlı bir fark bulunmuştur (p<0,05). O2 satürasyonu, nabız, FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC değerlerinde anlamlı bir farklılık bulunamamıştır (p>0,05). Sonuç: Hem maskeli hem de maskesiz yapılan yüksek şiddetli interval antrenmanlarının futbolcularda solunum parametrelerine ve diğer fizyolojik parametrelere olumlu etkisinin olduğu tespit edilmiştir. YŞİA’nın sporcuların fizyolojik uyum düzeyinde kısa sürede olumlu yanıt verdiği göz önüne alındığında elit sporcular arasındaki rekabete olumlu katkılar sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir. Ayrıca solunum parametreleri ile ilgili elde ettiğimiz sonuçlar literatüre önemli katkılar sağlayabilir.
Keywords
References
- Chapman R. F. (2013) The individual response to training and competition at altitude. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 47, 1-6. doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2013-092837
- Cox, A., Fyock-Martin, M. B., ve Martin, J. R. (2020). The elevation training mask: a critically appraised topic. International Journal of Athletic Therapy and Training, 25(3), 108-113. doi.org/10.1123/ijatt.2019-0002
- Cristina, M. M., ve Catalin, G. A. (2015). Study on the influence of training at altitude (2000m) on the maximum aerobic velocity athletics (mountain race). OUA Ser Phys Ed Sport/Sci Movement Health, 15(2), 135-146.
- Dunham, C., ve Harms, C. A. (2011). Effects of high intensity interval training on pulmonary. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 112(8), 3061-3068. doi.org/10.1007/s00421-011-2285-5
- Epthorp, J. A. (2014). Altitude training and its effects on performance, systematic review. The Journal of Australian Strength and Conditioning, 22(1), 78-88.
- George, J. D., Vehrs, P. R., Allsen. P. E., Fellingham, G. W., ve Fisher, A. G. (2019). VO2max estimation from a submaximal 1-mile track job for fit college-age individuals. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 25(3), 401-406.
- Goods, P., Dawson, B. T., Landers, G. J., Gore, C. J., ve Peeling, P. (2014). Effect of different simulated altitudes on repeat-sprint performance in team-sport athletes. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 9(5), 857-862. doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2013-0423
- Granados, J., Gillum, T., Castillo, W., ve Christmas, K. (2015). Functional respiratory muscle training during endurance exercise causes modest hypoxemia but overall is well tolerated. The Journal Strength and Conditioning Research, PMID: 26340471. doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000001151
- Granados, J., Jansen, L., Harton, H., ve Kuennen, M. (2014). Elevation training mask induces hypoxemia but utilizes a novel feedback signaling mechanism. International Journal of Exercise Science, 2(6), 26.
- Holliss, B. A., Fulford, J., Vanhatalo, A., Pedlar, C. R., ve Jones, A. M. (2013). Influence of intermittent hypoxic training on muscle energetics and exercise tolerance. Journal of Applied Physiology, 114(5), 611-619. doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01331.2012
- Jung, H. C., Lee, N. H., John, S. D., ve Lee, S. (2019). The elevation training mask induces modest hypoxaemia but does not affect heart rate variability during cycling in healthy adults. Biology of Sport, 36(2), 105-112. doi.org/10.5114/biolsport.2019.79976
- O’kroy, J. A., Loy, R. A., ve Coast, J. R. (1992). Pulmonary function changes following exercise. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 24(12), 1359-1364.
- Orhan, O., Bilgin, U., Çetin, E., Öz, E., & Dölek, B. E. (2010). The effect of moderate altitude on some respiratory parameters of physical education and sports’ students. Journal of Asthma, 47(6), 609-613. doi.org/10.3109/02770901003725676
- Özel, S. (2017). Maksimum aerobik aktivitede antrenman maskesi kullanımının akut etkilerinin incelenmesi. İÜ Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 7(1), 1303-1414.
- Romero-Arenas, S., López-Pérez, E., Colomer-Poveda, D., ve Márquez, G. (2021). Oxygenation responses while wearing the elevation training mask during an incremental cycling test. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 35(7), 1897-1904. doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000003038
- Sellers, J. H., Monaghan, T. P., Schnaiter, J. A., Jacobson, B. H., ve Pope, Z. K. (2016). Efficacy of a ventilatory training mask to improve anaerobic and aerobic capacity in reserve officers' training corps cadets. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 30(4), 1155-1160. doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000001184
- Terrados, N., Melichna, J., Sylven, C., Jansson, E., ve Kaijser, L. (1988). Effects of training at simulated altitude on performance and muscle metabolic capacity in competitive road cyclists. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 57(2), 203-209. doi.org/10.1007/BF00640664
- Volkov, V., Miroshnikov, A., ve Formenov, A. (2019). Effect of the pulmonary resistance training device “Elevation training mask 2.0” on physiological parameters and aerobic capacity during a maximal incremental cycling test. In 4th International Conference on Innovations in Sports, Tourism and Instructional Science, 306-308. doi.org/10.2991/icistis-19.2019.78
Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Sports Science and Exercise, Sports Training |
| Journal Section | Arşiv |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | December 19, 2022 |
| Submission Date | November 9, 2022 |
| Acceptance Date | December 8, 2022 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2022 Volume: 5 Issue: Özel Sayı 1 - 6. Akademik Spor Araştırmaları Kongresi Özel Sayısı |
Akdeniz Spor Bilimleri Dergisi Creative Commons Atıf 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı ile lisanslanmıştır.
Mediterranean Journal of Sport Science (MJSS) is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.